1. 引言

exists：为向R1CS引入value，若request失败，则通过compute计算，若未提供compute，则返回失败。

(** Introduce a value into the R1CS.
      - The [request] argument functions like {!val:request_witness}, creating
        a request and returning the result.
      - If no [request] argument is given, or if the [request] isn't handled,
        then [compute] is run to create a value.

      If [compute] is not given and [request] fails/is also not given, then
      this function raises a [Failure].
  *)
  val exists :
       ?request:'value Request.t As_prover.t
    -> ?compute:'value As_prover.t
    -> ('var, 'value) Typ.t
    -> 'var Checked.t

with_label：为constraint添加label，若验证该constraint为未satisfied，则该label将在错误消息中显示，

  (** Add a label to all of the constraints added in the checked computation.
      If a constraint is checked and isn't satisfied, this label will be shown
      in the error message.
  *)
  val with_label : string -> 'a Checked.t -> 'a Checked.t

run_state：为用于运行a checked computation的internal sate：

(** The internal state used to run a checked computation. *)
type 'field t =
  { system : 'field Constraint_system.t option
  ; input : 'field Vector.t
  ; aux : 'field Vector.t
  ; eval_constraints : bool
  ; num_inputs : int
  ; next_auxiliary : int ref
  ; has_witness : bool
  ; stack : string list
  ; handler : Request.Handler.t
  ; is_running : bool
  ; as_prover : bool ref
  ; log_constraint :
      (   ?at_label_boundary:[ `Start | `End ] * string
       -> ('field Cvar.t, 'field) Constraint.t
       -> unit)
      option
  }

snark0.ml中将其初始状态设置为：

 let state =
  ref
    { system = None
    ; input = field_vec ()
    ; aux = field_vec ()
    ; eval_constraints = false
    ; num_inputs = 0
    ; next_auxiliary = ref 1
    ; has_witness = false
    ; stack = []
    ; handler = Request.Handler.fail
    ; is_running = false
    ; as_prover = ref false
    ; log_constraint = None
    }

Random_oracle_input.Chunked模块：定义了a random oracle的输入，由full field elements和‘chunks’ of fields结合为一个或多个field elements。chunks表示为[(field, length)]，其中[0 <= field < 2^length]。这样可高效combine values in a known range。如：
{[
{ field_elements= [||]; packeds= [|(x, 64); (y, 32); (z, 16)|] }
]}
表示的为[x * 2^(32+16) + y * 2^(64) + z]。可通过pack_to_fields函数来实现。
```
type 'field t =
{ field_elements : 'field array; packeds : ('field * int) array }
[@@deriving sexp, compare]

let append (t1 : _ t) (t2 : _ t) =
{ field_elements = Array.append t1.field_elements t2.field_elements
; packeds = Array.append t1.packeds t2.packeds
}
```
Consensus_state_hooks.next_state_checked：对于特定的consensus state和snark transition，创建a constrainted, checked var for the next consensus state。为一个约束系统，见：let%snarkydef next_state_checked 。

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Mina中的区块证明

1. 引言

附录1. Mina系列博客

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