【Python案例】基于Pygame黑白棋游戏（附源码）

有没有小火伴是特别喜欢玩五子棋的，我记得我初中是特别喜欢的。于是，我今天就用Python给大家写了一个黑白棋游戏。代码放在下面了。

01、绘制棋盘

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import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *
BACKGROUNDCOLOR = (255, 255, 255)
FPS = 40
# 初始化
pygame.init()
mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()
# 加载图片
boardImage = pygame.image.load('board.png')
boardRect = boardImage.get_rect()
blackImage = pygame.image.load('black.png')
blackRect = blackImage.get_rect()
whiteImage = pygame.image.load('white.png')
whiteRect = whiteImage.get_rect()

# 设置窗口
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((boardRect.width, boardRect.height))
pygame.display.set_caption('黑白棋')
# 游戏主循环
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            terminate()
        #鼠标事件完成玩家走棋（见下文）…..
    #电脑走棋（见下文）…..
    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)
    windowSurface.blit(boardImage, boardRect, boardRect)
    #重画所有的棋子（见下文）…..
    #游戏结束，显示双方棋子数量（见下文）……
    pygame.display.update()
    mainClock.tick(FPS)

02、绘制棋子

（1）黑白棋的规则，开局时先放置上黑白各两个棋子在中间。

（2）用一个8x8列表保存棋子。

CELLWIDTH = 80
CELLHEIGHT = 80
PIECEWIDTH = 78
PIECEHEIGHT = 78
BOARDX = 40
BOARDY = 40
# 重置棋盘
def resetBoard(board):
    for x in range(8):
        for y in range(8):
            board[x][y] = 'none'
    # Starting pieces:
    board[3][3] = 'black'
    board[3][4] = 'white'
    board[4][3] = 'white'
    board[4][4] = 'black'

# 开局时建立新棋盘
def getNewBoard():
    board = []
    for i in range(8):
        board.append(['none'] * 8)
    return board
mainBoard = getNewBoard()
resetBoard(mainBoard)
for x in range(8):
        for y in range(8):
            rectDst = pygame.Rect(BOARDX+x*CELLWIDTH+2, BOARDY+y*CELLHEIGHT+2, PIECEWIDTH, PIECEHEIGHT)
            if mainBoard[x][y] == 'black':
                windowSurface.blit(blackImage, rectDst, blackRect) #画黑棋
            elif mainBoard[x][y] == 'white':
                windowSurface.blit(whiteImage, rectDst, whiteRect) #画白棋

03、随机决定谁先走棋

# 谁先走
def whoGoesFirst():
    if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
        return 'computer'
    else:
        return 'player'

turn = whoGoesFirst()
if turn == 'player':
    playerTile = 'black'
    computerTile = 'white'
else:
    playerTile = 'white'
    computerTile = 'black'

04、鼠标事件

（1）鼠标操纵，完成玩家走棋

（2）轮流走棋

for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            terminate()
        #玩家走棋
        if turn == 'player' and event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
            x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            col = int((x-BOARDX)/CELLWIDTH)
            row = int((y-BOARDY)/CELLHEIGHT)
            if makeMove(mainBoard, playerTile, col, row) == True:
                if getValidMoves(mainBoard, computerTile) != []:
                    turn = 'computer'          #轮到电脑走棋
    #电脑走棋
    if (gameOver == False and turn == 'computer'):
        x, y = getComputerMove(mainBoard, computerTile)
        makeMove(mainBoard, computerTile, x, y)
        savex, savey = x, y
        # 玩家没有可行的走法了，则电脑继续，否则切换到玩家走
        if getValidMoves(mainBoard, playerTile) != []:
            turn = 'player'          #轮到玩家走棋
    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)
    windowSurface.blit(boardImage, boardRect, boardRect)

05、游戏规则实现

（1）是否允许落子

（2）落子后的翻转

# 是否是合法走法，如果合法返回需要翻转的棋子列表
def isValidMove(board, tile, xstart, ystart):
    # 如果该位置已经有棋子或者出界了，返回False
    if not isOnBoard(xstart, ystart) or board[xstart][ystart] != 'none':
        return False
    # 临时将tile 放到指定的位置
    board[xstart][ystart] = tile
    if tile == 'black':
        otherTile = 'white'
    else:
        otherTile = 'black'
    # 要被翻转的棋子
    tilesToFlip = []
    for xdirection, ydirection in [ [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 0], [1, -1], [0, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, 0], [-1, 1] ]:
        x, y = xstart, ystart
        x += xdirection
        y += ydirection
        if isOnBoard(x, y) and board[x][y] == otherTile:
            x += xdirection
            y += ydirection
            if not isOnBoard(x, y):
                continue
            # 一直走到出界或不是对方棋子的位置
            while board[x][y] == otherTile:
                x += xdirection
                y += ydirection
                if not isOnBoard(x, y):
                    break
            # 出界了，则没有棋子要翻转OXXXXX
            if not isOnBoard(x, y):
                continue
            # 是自己的棋子OXXXXXXO
            if board[x][y] == tile:
                while True:
                    x -= xdirection
                    y -= ydirection
                    # 回到了起点则结束
                    if x == xstart and y == ystart:
                        break
                    # 需要翻转的棋子
                    tilesToFlip.append([x, y])
    # 将前面临时放上的棋子去掉，即还原棋盘
    board[xstart][ystart] = 'none' # restore the empty space
    # 没有要被翻转的棋子，则走法非法。翻转棋的规则。
    if len(tilesToFlip) == 0: # If no tiles were flipped, this is not a valid move.
        return False
    return tilesToFlip

# 是否出界
def isOnBoard(x, y):
    return x >= 0 and x <= 7 and y >= 0 and y <=7

# 获取可落子的位置
def getValidMoves(board, tile):
    validMoves = []
    for x in range(8):
        for y in range(8):
            if isValidMove(board, tile, x, y) != False:
                validMoves.append([x, y])
    return validMoves
# 将一个tile棋子放到(xstart, ystart)
def makeMove(board, tile, xstart, ystart):
    tilesToFlip = isValidMove(board, tile, xstart, ystart)
    if tilesToFlip == False:
        return False
    board[xstart][ystart] = tile
    for x, y in tilesToFlip: #tilesToFlip是需要翻转的棋子列表
        board[x][y] = tile #翻转棋子

06、电脑AI走法

如果电脑在所有落子的选择中，有四个边角，可落子在边角，因为边角的棋子无法被翻转。如果没有边角，则选择可以翻转对手最多的位置落子。

def getComputerMove(board, computerTile):
    # 获取所以合法走法
    possibleMoves = getValidMoves(board, computerTile)
    # 打乱所有合法走法
    random.shuffle(possibleMoves)
    # [x, y]在角上，则优先走，因为角上的不会被再次翻转
    for x, y in possibleMoves:
        if isOnCorner(x, y):
            return [x, y]
    bestScore = -1
    for x, y in possibleMoves:
        dupeBoard = getBoardCopy(board)
        makeMove(dupeBoard, computerTile, x, y)
        # 按照分数选择走法，优先选择翻转后分数最多的走法
        score = getScoreOfBoard(dupeBoard)[computerTile]
        if score > bestScore:
            bestMove = [x, y]
            bestScore = score
    return bestMove
# 是否游戏结束
def isGameOver(board):
    for x in range(8):
        for y in range(8):
            if board[x][y] == 'none':
                return False
    return True
# 获取棋盘上黑白双方的棋子数
def getScoreOfBoard(board):
    xscore = 0
    oscore = 0
    for x in range(8):
        for y in range(8):
            if board[x][y] == 'black':
                xscore += 1
            if board[x][y] == 'white':
                oscore += 1
    return {
    
    'black':xscore, 'white':oscore}

主程序中加入游戏结束，显示双方棋子数量功能。

if isGameOver(mainBoard): #游戏结束，显示双方棋子数量
        scorePlayer = getScoreOfBoard(mainBoard)[playerTile]
        scoreComputer = getScoreOfBoard(mainBoard)[computerTile]
        outputStr = gameoverStr + str(scorePlayer) + ":" + str(scoreComputer)
        text = basicFont.render(outputStr, True, BLACK, BLUE)
        textRect = text.get_rect()
        textRect.centerx = windowSurface.get_rect().centerx
        textRect.centery = windowSurface.get_rect().centery
        windowSurface.blit(text, textRect)

至此完成基于Pygame的黑白棋游戏设计。游戏效果如图所示。今天的分享就到这里了，下一章见。