django 快速实现注册
本操作环境:
虚拟环境:django2.0 python3.5(应该python3.6都可以使用) window10
1.创建项目与应用(项目和应用都是自己制定的)
创建项目:django-admin startproject register
然后进入register文件夹里面 cd register
在当前目录下面创建一个app应用
python manage.py startapp app
操作顺序如下,workon django2.0,—->这个相当于开启虚拟环境(django2.0是虚拟环境的名称,自己随便定)
F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目>workon django2.0
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目>django-admin startproject register
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目>cd register
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目\register>python manage.py startapp appregister文件夹的目录结构如下:查看目录结构的—>tree /f
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目\register>tree /f
卷 娱乐 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 FEA8-6CC1
F:.
│ manage.py
│
├─app
│ │ admin.py
│ │ apps.py
│ │ models.py
│ │ tests.py
│ │ views.py
│ │ __init__.py
│ │
│ └─migrations
│ __init__.py
│
└─register
│ settings.py
│ urls.py
│ wsgi.py
│ __init__.py
│
└─__pycache__
settings.cpython-35.pyc
__init__.cpython-35.pyc打开register\register\settings.py文件,将app(应用的名字)应用添加进去
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app',
]2.设计/修改Model(数据库)
打开register\app\models.py文件,添加如下内容:
from django.db import models
class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
password = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
email = models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.username创建三个字段,用户存放用户名、密码、email 地址等。
生成迁移文件,同步到数据库
生成迁移文件：根据模型类生成sql语句,迁移文件被生成到应用(app)的migrations目录
python manage.py makemigrations
执行迁移：执行sql语句生成数据表
python manage.py migrate
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目\register>python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'app':
app\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model User
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目\register>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, app, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying app.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK3.创建视图(views.py)
①打开register\app\views.py文件,添加如下内容:
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template import RequestContext
from app.models import User
# Create your views here.
#自定义表单模型
class UserForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(label = '用户名:',max_length = 100)
password = forms.CharField(label = '密码:',widget=forms.PasswordInput())
email = forms.EmailField(label = '电子邮件:')
def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
uf = UserForm(request.POST)
if uf.is_valid():
#获取表单元素
username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
password = uf.cleaned_data['password']
email = uf.cleaned_data['email']
#将表单写入数据库
user = User()
user.username = username
user.password = password
user.email = email
user.save()
#返回注册成功页面
return render_to_response('success.html',{'username':username})
else:
uf = UserForm()
return render_to_response('register.html',{'uf':uf})上面这个逻辑主要做了几件事，首先提供给用户一个注册页面（register.html），UserForm类定义了表单在注册页面上的显示。接受用户填写的表单信息，然后将表单信息写入到数据库，最后返回给用户一个注册成功的页面（success.html）
4.创建注册页面
在逻辑层提到了两个页面，一个注册页面(register.html)，一个注册成功页面(success.html)。所以我们要把这两个页面创建出来。
先在register\app\目录下创建templates目录，接着在register\app\templates目录下创建register.html 文件：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>用户注册</title>
<style>
body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}
h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}
h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}
p{margin:1em 0}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>注册页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
{{uf.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
</body>
</html>在register/app/templates/目录下创建success.html 文件：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>注册成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>恭喜{{username}},注册成功！</h1>
</body>
</html>设置模板路径:
打开register\register\settings.py文件,添加内容关于DIRS:
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates').replace('\\', '/'),],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]5.设置url
打开register\register\urls.py文件,添加如下内容:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('app/', include('app.urls')),
]
在register\app目录下创建urls.py文件：
from django.urls import path
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
#http://127.0.0.1:8000/account/ 这两个url指向都是注册页面
path('', views.register, name='register'),
path('register/',views.register,name = 'register'),
]6.访问注册页面
当前面的工作都做完之后,我们启动服务器
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目\register>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
May 15, 2018 - 13:00:00
Django version 2.0.4, using settings 'register.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.为了避免之前的错误再次出现
接着打开register\register\settings.py文件，将下面一行代码注释：
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/register/
打开注册页面
注册成功出现的页面:
7.如何查看注册用户的信息呢?
我们可以利用django自带的后台系统admin
打开register\app\models.py文件：
from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
password = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
email = models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('username','email')
#修饰器
admin.site.register(User,UserAdmin)需要重新执行分别执行下面两条代码
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
8.创建超级管理员
ps.如果忘记了的话,可以重新创建超级管理员
邮件地址可以不填
(django2.0) F:\益达学习\django\django2.0项目\register>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'asus-pc'): root
Error: That username is already taken.
Username (leave blank to use 'asus-pc'): xyyojl
Email address:
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
登陆admin 后台
参考资料:虫师的django快速实现登录