matplotlib.pyplot 设置布局以及axes与plot关系

今天准备绘制一个饼图，并在旁边放上图例

但发现图例经常会挡住饼图的局部内容，因此将饼图与图例布局成 1行2列的样式：

这种样式可以通过添加两个子图来实现：

fig, axes = plt.subplots(figsize=[7,5] ) # 设置绘图区域大小

#先创建一个绘图区域

ax1 = plt.axes([0.0, 0.0, 0.7, 1])

设置饼状图的绘图区域的范围

此时执行 axes.axis('off') 是关闭第整个绘图区域的坐标系显示

ax2 = plt.axes([0.75, 0.0, 0.25, 1])

设置图例的绘图区域的范围

此时执行 ax2.axis('off') 是关闭子图区域的坐标系显示

patches, texts, autotexts = ax1.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170, colors=colors)

之后在子图1 ax1上绘制饼图

ax2.legend(patches, labels, loc='right')

将饼图的图例显示在子图2 ax2上

完整代码如下

from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from  matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
import matplotlib as mpl
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.style.use('ggplot')

# 原始数据
shapes = ['Cross', 'Cone', 'Egg', 'Teardrop', 'Chevron', 'Diamond', 'Cylinder',
       'Rectangle', 'Flash', 'Cigar', 'Changing', 'Formation', 'Oval', 'Disk',
       'Sphere', 'Fireball', 'Triangle', 'Circle', 'Light']
values = [  287,   383,   842,   866,  1187,  1405,  1495,  1620,  1717,
        2313,  2378,  3070,  4332,  5841,  6482,  7785,  9358,  9818, 20254]

s = pd.Series(values, index=shapes)
s

labels = s.index
sizes = s.values
# explode = (0.2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)  # only "explode" the 1st slice

fig, axes = plt.subplots(figsize=[7,5] ) # 设置绘图区域大小
#ax1, ax2 = axes.ravel()

ax1 = plt.axes([0.0, 0.0, 0.7, 1])
#axes.axis('off')

ax2 = plt.axes([0.75, 0.0, 0.25, 1])
ax2.axis('off')
#ax3 = plt.axes([0.75, 0.0, 0.25, 1])
#ax2.axis('off')
axes.axis('off')



# for ax in axes:
#     ax.axis('off')

colors = cm.rainbow(np.arange(len(sizes))/len(sizes)) # colormaps: Paired, autumn, rainbow, gray,spring,Darks

patches, texts, autotexts = ax1.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.0f%%',
        shadow=False, startangle=170, colors=colors)

ax1.axis('equal')

# 重新设置字体大小
proptease = fm.FontProperties()
proptease.set_size('xx-small')
# font size include: ‘xx-small’,x-small’,'small’,'medium’,‘large’,‘x-large’,‘xx-large’ or number, e.g. '12'
plt.setp(autotexts, fontproperties=proptease)
plt.setp(texts, fontproperties=proptease)

#ax1.set_title('Shapes', loc='center')

# ax2 只显示图例（legend）
ax2.legend(patches, labels, loc='right')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('Demo_project_set_legend_good.jpg')
plt.show()

画布，图例，子图的概念可参考下面的文章

https://blog.csdn.net/JasonZhu_csdn/article/details/85860963

matplotlib.pyplot 设置布局以及axes与plot关系

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