esp8266 NodeMCU v3物联网开发
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这块板子的淘宝链接》
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一.移植MicroPython
1.用microusb 数据线连接到电脑上，找到对应的串口号 这里是52，找不到端口的下载并安装串口驱动
- 使用flash_download_tools烧录microPython 固件 文件下载
- 使用thonny IDE进行开发 下载安装包
选择esp8266的端口
测试microPython
打开文件系统
到此环境准备完毕
二. 连接wifi 案例
新建一个main.py 的文件
import network,time
from machine import I2C,Pin
#初始化相关模块
i2c = I2C(sda=Pin(13), scl=Pin(14))
#WIFI连接函数
def WIFI_Connect():
WIFI_LED=Pin(2, Pin.OUT, value=1) #初始化WIFI指示灯
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) #STA模式
wlan.active(True) #激活接口
start_time=time.time() #记录时间做超时判断
if not wlan.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
wlan.connect('Xiaomi_3D6D', '!!!!tl820808') #输入WIFI账号密码
while not wlan.isconnected():
#LED闪烁提示
WIFI_LED.value(0)
time.sleep_ms(300)
WIFI_LED.value(1)
time.sleep_ms(300)
#超时判断,15秒没连接成功判定为超时
if time.time()-start_time > 15 :
print('WIFI Connected Timeout!')
break
if wlan.isconnected():
#LED点亮
WIFI_LED.value(0)
#串口打印信息
print('network information:', wlan.ifconfig())
#执行WIFI连接函数
WIFI_Connect()
显示成功连接到wifi，灯光从闪烁变为常亮，ip为192.168.31.70。
三.进行mqtt 双向通信
1. 使用免费公告mqtt服务器
broker-cn.emqx.io
关于不同端口
tcp：1883
tls: 8883
WebSocket: 8083,8084
我们esp8266用的tcp 所以一定要1883端口
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2.使用esp8266 发布订阅信息
需要新建两个文件
main.py
import network,time
from simple import MQTTClient #导入MQTT板块
from machine import I2C,Pin,Timer
#初始化相关模块
i2c = I2C(sda=Pin(13), scl=Pin(14))
#WIFI连接函数
def WIFI_Connect():
WIFI_LED=Pin(2, Pin.OUT, value=1) #初始化WIFI指示灯
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) #STA模式
wlan.active(True) #激活接口
start_time=time.time() #记录时间做超时判断
if not wlan.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
wlan.connect('Xiaomi_3D6D', '!!!!tl820808') #输入WIFI账号密码
while not wlan.isconnected():
#LED闪烁提示
WIFI_LED.value(0)
time.sleep_ms(300)
WIFI_LED.value(1)
time.sleep_ms(300)
#超时判断,15秒没连接成功判定为超时
if time.time()-start_time > 60 :
print('WIFI Connected Timeout!')
break
if wlan.isconnected():
#LED点亮
WIFI_LED.value(0)
#串口打印信息
print('network information:', wlan.ifconfig())
return True
else:
return False
#接收数据任务
def MQTT_Rev():
client.check_msg()
#发布数据任务
def MQTT_Send():
client.publish(TOPICSEND, 'Hello esp8266')
#设置MQTT回调函数,有信息时候执行
def MQTT_callback(topic, msg):
print('topic: {}'.format(topic))
print('msg: {}'.format(msg))
# 定时任务
def task(tim):
MQTT_Rev()
MQTT_Send()
#执行WIFI连接函数并判断是否已经连接成功
if WIFI_Connect():
SERVER = 'broker-cn.emqx.io'
PORT = 1883
CLIENT_ID = 'xxxx' # 客户端ID
TOPICREV = 'testtopic/1' # 发送节点
TOPICSEND = 'testtopic/2' # 接收节点
client = MQTTClient(CLIENT_ID, SERVER, PORT)
client.set_callback(MQTT_callback) #配置回调函数
client.connect()
client.subscribe(TOPICREV) #订阅主题
#开启RTOS定时器，编号为-1,周期1000ms，执行socket通信接收任务
tim = Timer(-1)
tim.init(period=1000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=task)
以下代码保存为 simple.py
import usocket as socket
import ustruct as struct
from ubinascii import hexlify
class MQTTException(Exception):
pass
class MQTTClient:
def __init__(self, client_id, server, port=0, user=None, password=None, keepalive=0,
ssl=False, ssl_params={
}):
if port == 0:
port = 8883 if ssl else 1883
self.client_id = client_id
self.sock = None
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.ssl = ssl
self.ssl_params = ssl_params
self.pid = 0
self.cb = None
self.user = user
self.pswd = password
self.keepalive = keepalive
self.lw_topic = None
self.lw_msg = None
self.lw_qos = 0
self.lw_retain = False
def _send_str(self, s):
self.sock.write(struct.pack("!H", len(s)))
self.sock.write(s)
def _recv_len(self):
n = 0
sh = 0
while 1:
b = self.sock.read(1)[0]
n |= (b & 0x7f) << sh
if not b & 0x80:
return n
sh += 7
def set_callback(self, f):
self.cb = f
def set_last_will(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
assert 0 <= qos <= 2
assert topic
self.lw_topic = topic
self.lw_msg = msg
self.lw_qos = qos
self.lw_retain = retain
def connect(self, clean_session=True):
self.sock = socket.socket()
addr = socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]
self.sock.connect(addr)
if self.ssl:
import ussl
self.sock = ussl.wrap_socket(self.sock, **self.ssl_params)
premsg = bytearray(b"\x10\0\0\0\0\0")
msg = bytearray(b"\x04MQTT\x04\x02\0\0")
sz = 10 + 2 + len(self.client_id)
msg[6] = clean_session << 1
if self.user is not None:
sz += 2 + len(self.user) + 2 + len(self.pswd)
msg[6] |= 0xC0
if self.keepalive:
assert self.keepalive < 65536
msg[7] |= self.keepalive >> 8
msg[8] |= self.keepalive & 0x00FF
if self.lw_topic:
sz += 2 + len(self.lw_topic) + 2 + len(self.lw_msg)
msg[6] |= 0x4 | (self.lw_qos & 0x1) << 3 | (self.lw_qos & 0x2) << 3
msg[6] |= self.lw_retain << 5
i = 1
while sz > 0x7f:
premsg[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
sz >>= 7
i += 1
premsg[i] = sz
self.sock.write(premsg, i + 2)
self.sock.write(msg)
#print(hex(len(msg)), hexlify(msg, ":"))
self._send_str(self.client_id)
if self.lw_topic:
self._send_str(self.lw_topic)
self._send_str(self.lw_msg)
if self.user is not None:
self._send_str(self.user)
self._send_str(self.pswd)
resp = self.sock.read(4)
assert resp[0] == 0x20 and resp[1] == 0x02
if resp[3] != 0:
raise MQTTException(resp[3])
return resp[2] & 1
def disconnect(self):
self.sock.write(b"\xe0\0")
self.sock.close()
def ping(self):
self.sock.write(b"\xc0\0")
def publish(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
pkt = bytearray(b"\x30\0\0\0")
pkt[0] |= qos << 1 | retain
sz = 2 + len(topic) + len(msg)
if qos > 0:
sz += 2
assert sz < 2097152
i = 1
while sz > 0x7f:
pkt[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
sz >>= 7
i += 1
pkt[i] = sz
#print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
self.sock.write(pkt, i + 1)
self._send_str(topic)
if qos > 0:
self.pid += 1
pid = self.pid
struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 0, pid)
self.sock.write(pkt, 2)
self.sock.write(msg)
if qos == 1:
while 1:
op = self.wait_msg()
if op == 0x40:
sz = self.sock.read(1)
assert sz == b"\x02"
rcv_pid = self.sock.read(2)
rcv_pid = rcv_pid[0] << 8 | rcv_pid[1]
if pid == rcv_pid:
return
elif qos == 2:
assert 0
def subscribe(self, topic, qos=0):
assert self.cb is not None, "Subscribe callback is not set"
pkt = bytearray(b"\x82\0\0\0")
self.pid += 1
struct.pack_into("!BH", pkt, 1, 2 + 2 + len(topic) + 1, self.pid)
#print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
self.sock.write(pkt)
self._send_str(topic)
self.sock.write(qos.to_bytes(1, "little"))
while 1:
op = self.wait_msg()
if op == 0x90:
resp = self.sock.read(4)
#print(resp)
assert resp[1] == pkt[2] and resp[2] == pkt[3]
if resp[3] == 0x80:
raise MQTTException(resp[3])
return
# Wait for a single incoming MQTT message and process it.
# Subscribed messages are delivered to a callback previously
# set by .set_callback() method. Other (internal) MQTT
# messages processed internally.
def wait_msg(self):
res = self.sock.read(1)
self.sock.setblocking(True)
if res is None:
return None
if res == b"":
raise OSError(-1)
if res == b"\xd0": # PINGRESP
sz = self.sock.read(1)[0]
assert sz == 0
return None
op = res[0]
if op & 0xf0 != 0x30:
return op
sz = self._recv_len()
topic_len = self.sock.read(2)
topic_len = (topic_len[0] << 8) | topic_len[1]
topic = self.sock.read(topic_len)
sz -= topic_len + 2
if op & 6:
pid = self.sock.read(2)
pid = pid[0] << 8 | pid[1]
sz -= 2
msg = self.sock.read(sz)
self.cb(topic, msg)
if op & 6 == 2:
pkt = bytearray(b"\x40\x02\0\0")
struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 2, pid)
self.sock.write(pkt)
elif op & 6 == 4:
assert 0
# Checks whether a pending message from server is available.
# If not, returns immediately with None. Otherwise, does
# the same processing as wait_msg.
def check_msg(self):
self.sock.setblocking(False)
return self.wait_msg()
将 main.py 里面的wifi换成自己的
修改mqtt id， topic 可以自己设置一个 类似 test/1
然后上传到开发板里面
然后直接运行脚本
3.使用python 发布订阅消息
安装mqtt
pip install paho-mqtt
新建文件mqtt.py
#!/usr/bin/ python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@文件 :mqtt.py
@说明 :
@时间 :2022/05/02 19:12:54
@作者 :刘子沫
@邮箱 :[email protected]
@版本 :1.0
'''
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
from threading import Thread
import json
import time
HOST = "broker-cn.emqx.io"
PORT = 1883
client_id = "mqttx_d13434c" # 客户端ID
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
print("Connected with result code "+str(rc))
client.subscribe("testtopic/2") # 订阅消息
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
print("主题:"+msg.topic+" 消息:"+str(msg.payload.decode('utf-8')))
def on_subscribe(client, userdata, mid, granted_qos):
print("On Subscribed: qos = %d" % granted_qos)
def on_disconnect(client, userdata, rc):
if rc != 0:
print("Unexpected disconnection %s" % rc)
def send_message():
for i in range(10000):
client.publish("testtopic/1", "Hello, World!")
time.sleep(1)
client = mqtt.Client(client_id)
client.username_pw_set("xxxxxx", "xxxxxx")
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message
client.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
client.on_disconnect = on_disconnect
client.connect(HOST, PORT, 60)
Thread(target=send_message).start()
client.loop_forever()
修改里面的id
运行
python 收到esp8266 发过来的信息
esp8266 收到python 主机发过来 的信息
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