centos7服务器安装配置 nginx
1、安装：yum -y install nginx
yum -y install nginx
Centos 7下安装nginx，使用yum install nginx，提示没有可用的软件包。
18 (flaskApi) [root@67 flaskDemo]# yum -y install nginx
19 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
20 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
21 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
22 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
23 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
24 没有可用软件包 nginx。
25 错误：无须任何处理
原因是nginx位于第三方的yum源里面，而不在centos官方yum源里面
很多软件包在yum里面没有的，解决的方法，就是使用epel源,也就是安装epel-release软件包。EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)是基于Fedora的一个项目，为“红帽系”的操作系统提供额外的软件包，适用于RHEL、CentOS等系统。可以在下面的网址上找到对应的系统版本，架构的软件包
解决办法，安装epel
sudo yum install epel-release
更新（更新时间比较长，请耐心等待）
yum update
yum 报错：保护多库版本
在执行yum update更新时，报错“保护多库版本”
解决：加–setopt=protected_multilib=false 参数
yum update --setopt=protected_multilib=false
yum安装报错——Transaction check error: conflicts with
问题：出现报错
Transaction check error:
file /etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf from install of libvirt-libs-4.5.0-23.el7_7.6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package libvirt-client-1.1.1-29.el7.x86_64
我们可以查看一些相关信息
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep libvirt*
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi libvirt-client-1.1.1-29.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql libvirt-client-1.1.1-29.el7.x86_64
…………省略
解决：方法是把不需要的版本删掉（低版本）
yum -y remove libvirt-client-1.1.1-29.el7.x86_64
重新试一下：
yum install -y nginx
已安装:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7
fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7
gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.7-2.el7
libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.7-2.el7 libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7
libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-8.el7
libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7
完毕！
2、安装成功后nginx的几个默认目录
查看版本
$ nginx -V
$ whereis nginx
ginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/man/man3/nginx.3pm.gz /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz
执行目录：/usr/sbin/nginx
模块所在目录：/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
配置所在目录：/etc/nginx/
默认站点目录：/usr/share/nginx/html
主要配置文件：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 指向：/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
PID目录：/var/run/nginx.pid
错误日志：/var/log/nginx/error.log
访问日志：/var/log/nginx/access.log
3、查看nginx状态（未启动前）
systemctl status nginx.service
4、启动、停止、重载命令
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl stop nginx.service
systemctl reload nginx.service
systemctl status nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service # 开机启动
注意：当配置完Nginx.conf并重新启动Nginx时，需要一定的时间才会生效。
5、查看nginx的状态及进程与端口（启动后）
systemctl status nginx.service
以上nginx就已安装成功了
centos7 bash: netstat: 未找到命令
查看80端口被哪个服务占用
$ netstat -antp | grep :80
netstat -antp: 未找到命令
$ yum -y install net-tools
$ netstat -antp | grep :80
查看所有端口占用情况
$ netstat -antp | grep :
查看nginx进程运行状态
$ ps aux | grep nginx
查看端口被占用情况
$ lsof -i:80
-bash: lsof: 未找到命令
安装 lsof
$ yum -y install lsof
$ lsof -i:80
杀掉进程命令
$ killall -9 nginx // 相关nginx进行全部杀掉
$ kill -9 pid1 and kill -9 pid1 // 把PID两个进程杀掉：
server配置说明
$ whereis nginx
# /etc/nginx
$ cd /etc/nginx # 配置文件所在目录
$ vi nginx.conf
添加2条server配置
:wq保存退出编辑
重启nginx或者reload
service nginx restart
service nginx reload
nginx 出现403 Forbidden
访问 bbs.yueyouji.cn:8080，出现403的情况，解决如下
1.查看文件目录是否做默认目录（/usr/share/nginx/html）下,一般出现这个问题，是因为文件不在默认文件夹下
2.如果做usr文件夹，检查文件夹是否有777的权限，没有，则给予权限，如：chmod -R 755 / var/www
3.如果文件在 root目录下，执行：vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf，修改文件第一行：
user root; 给nginx 用户root权限
开启反向代理 proxy_pass
通过nginx将对应域名80端口转发到3000访问node.js应用，也可以转发到其他端口比如后台是java也可以转发。
server
{
listen 80;
#listen [::]:80;
server_name domain.com ;
location / {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Nginx-Proxy true;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
}
}
精简后
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
root /usr/share/nginx/html
server{
listen 80;
server_name _;
location / {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
root /home/web/vue/dist;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location @router {
rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
}
location ~/api/ {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
}
}
配置vue项目: try_files 和 rewrite
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location @router {
rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
}
nginx权限问题failed(13:Permission denied)
打开nginx.conf
将user nginx; 修改为 user root;
最终nginx配置文件
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format vue-app '$remote_addr,$time_iso8601,$request,'
'$http_referer,$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log vue-app;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
# include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html/vue-app;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location @router {
rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
}
location ~ /api/ {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# location / {
# }
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
阿里云部署多个应用后
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user root;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
# include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format vue-app '$remote_addr,$time_iso8601,$request,'
'$http_referer,$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log vue-app;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
# root /root/web/vue-app;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root /root/web/vue-app;
try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /backend {
alias /root/web/vue-app-backend/dist;
try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location @router {
rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
}
location ~ /api/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Nginx-Proxy true;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
}
location ~ /api2/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3001;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Nginx-Proxy true;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}