1. 引言
主要参考资料见:
- Lear With Whiteboard 2023年4月博客 All Major Blockchain Consensus Algorithms Explained
- 视频 All Major Blockchain Consensus Algorithms Explained | Consensus Mechanism in Blockchain
- 视频 Proof of Work vs Proof of Stake vs Proof of Authority Explained | PoA vs PoW vs PoS Blockchain
- 视频 Blockchain vs Hashgraph vs DAG vs Holochain | Types of DLT Explained
共识算法为一组协议或规则,使得网络中节点对于某共享区块链状态达成共识。共识算法在保证区块链完整性方面发挥了重要作用,使得某单一节点或某一组节点无法操控区块链网络。具体为:
- 可防止恶意角色控制网络,确保有效交易且网络运行顺畅。
- 实现去中心化,所有节点对交易有效性达成共识,防止中心化。
- 推动透明性,使得所有交易链上可见,便于追踪且可防止欺诈行为。
- 提供有效性,节点可对交易有效性快速达成共识,并及时向区块链添加新区块。
2. 共识算法分类
当前主流区块链共识算法主要有:
- 1)Proof of Work (PoW)
- 2)Proof of Stake (PoS)
- 3)Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
- 4)Leased Proof of Stake (LPoS)
- 5)Proof of Authority (PoA)
- 6)Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
- 7)Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
- 8)Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT)
- 9)Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
- 10)Proof of Capacity (PoC)
- 11)Proof of Burn (PoB)
- 12)Proof of Identity (PoI)
- 13)Proof of Activity (PoA)
- 14)Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
- 15)Proof of Importance