一：filter查询可以方便的查询出我们需要使用的信息：
def blogdetail(request,aricle_id): contenx = {} detail = contenx['detail'] = get_object_or_404(Blog,pk = aricle_id) contenx['blog_previous'] = Blog.objects.filter(create_time__gt = detail.create_time).last()#得到上一页信息 contenx['blog_next'] = Blog.objects.filter(create_time__lt = detail.create_time).first()#下一页信息 contenx['detail'] =detail return render_to_response('blog/detail.html',contenx)
一、下面来看看：filter查询：
1.__contains(包含)
shell命令下查询：Blog.objects.filter(title__contains ="django")------------------>返回一个queryset[]查询(查询集)只能输入一个值。加上一个"i"后不区别大小写【sql等数据库中】
2.__in （其中之一，可以传入一个列表，传多个值。）
Blog.objects.filter(id__in = [3,6,9])
3.__range(一个范围，使用元祖)：
> Blog.objects.filter(id__range =(30,45))
二、前面讲的是包含的查询，下面来看看不包含的查询：
exclude方法为不包含的：
Blog.objects.exclude(id=3)
三、日期类型查询
Blog.objects.filter(create_time__year = 2018)------------->查询年为2018年的内容
Blog.objects.filter(create_time__month=3)----------------->查询月
四、日期查询类型只是筛选了条件，怎么让条件在前端显示呢？django提供了一个dates方法：
Blog.objects.dates('create_time', 'year','DESC')--------------------->分别为：时间字段，查询返回年year，年月month，年月日day，最后一个参数是排序方式ASC正序，DESC倒序。
def blog_with_date(request,year,month): contenx={} blogs= Blog.objects.filter(create_time__year = year ,create_time__month = month) paginator = Paginator(blogs, settings.EACH_OF_BLOGS_NUMBER)#每10篇文章分一页 page_num = request.GET.get('page',1)#GET方法获得url参数?page1 page是参数需要带引号 page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num)#get_page方法处理用户输入的错误值 current_page_num = page_of_blogs.number#获得当前页 # 比较截取到想要的那个数到最小值1时用小的值和1作比较生成一个从小到当前的值 range_page = list(range(max(current_page_num-2,1),current_page_num))+\ list(range(current_page_num, min(current_page_num+2,paginator.num_pages)+1)) # range(当前到---->想要的那个值取到最后最小的那个值) #添加省略号 if range_page[0]-1>=2: range_page.insert(0,'...') if paginator.num_pages-range_page[-1]>=2: range_page.append('...') #添加首页和尾页 if range_page[0]!=1: range_page.insert(0,1) if range_page[-1]!=paginator.num_pages: range_page.append(paginator.num_pages) contenx['blogs_with_date'] = '%s年%s月'%(year,month) contenx['blogs'] = page_of_blogs.object_list contenx['page_of_blogs'] = page_of_blogs contenx['range_page'] = range_page contenx['blogtypes']= Blogtype.objects.all()#获取所有的分类 contenx['blog_dates'] = Blog.objects.dates('create_time','month','DESC') return render_to_response('blog/blog_with_date.html',contenx)
五、代码整理公共部分提取
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response,get_object_or_404 from .models import Blog,Blogtype from django.conf import settings from django.core.paginator import Paginator # Create your views here. # EACH_OF_BLOGS_NUMBER = 7 def get_blog_artacile_common_date(request,blogs): paginator = Paginator(blogs, settings.EACH_OF_BLOGS_NUMBER)#每10篇文章分一页 page_num = request.GET.get('page',1)#GET方法获得url参数?page1 page是参数需要带引号 page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num)#get_page方法处理用户输入的错误值 current_page_num = page_of_blogs.number#获得当前页 # 比较截取到想要的那个数到最小值1时用小的值和1作比较生成一个从小到当前的值 range_page = list(range(max(current_page_num-2,1),current_page_num))+\ list(range(current_page_num, min(current_page_num+2,paginator.num_pages)+1)) # range(当前到---->想要的那个值取到最后最小的那个值) #添加省略号 if range_page[0]-1>=2: range_page.insert(0,'...') if paginator.num_pages-range_page[-1]>=2: range_page.append('...') #添加首页和尾页 if range_page[0]!=1: range_page.insert(0,1) if range_page[-1]!=paginator.num_pages: range_page.append(paginator.num_pages) contenx = {} contenx['page_of_blogs'] = page_of_blogs contenx['blogs'] = page_of_blogs.object_list#获取符合参数所有的文章 # contenx['count'] = Blog.objects.all().count() contenx['blog_dates'] = Blog.objects.dates('create_time','month','DESC') contenx['range_page'] = range_page contenx['blogtypes'] = Blogtype.objects.all()#获取所有的分类 return contenx def bloglist(request): blogs = Blog.objects.all() contenx = get_blog_artacile_common_date(request,blogs) return render_to_response('blog/list.html',contenx) def blog_with_type(request,typename_pk): typename = get_object_or_404(Blogtype,pk = typename_pk)#拿到传入的类型参数 blogs = Blog.objects.filter(typename=typename) contenx =get_blog_artacile_common_date(request,blogs) contenx['typename'] = typename#显示分类列 return render_to_response('blog/blog_with_type.html',contenx) def blog_with_date(request,year,month): blogs= Blog.objects.filter(create_time__year = year ,create_time__month = month) contenx=get_blog_artacile_common_date(request,blogs) contenx['blogs_with_date'] = '%s年%s月'%(year,month) return render_to_response('blog/blog_with_date.html',contenx) def blogdetail(request,aricle_id): contenx = {} detail = get_object_or_404(Blog,pk = aricle_id) contenx['blog_previous'] = Blog.objects.filter(create_time__gt = detail.create_time).last()#得到上一页信息 contenx['blog_next'] = Blog.objects.filter(create_time__lt = detail.create_time).first()#下一页信息 contenx['detail'] =detail return render_to_response('blog/detail.html',contenx)
原来代码：
def bloglist(request): blogs = Blog.objects.all() paginator = Paginator(blogs, settings.EACH_OF_BLOGS_NUMBER)#每10篇文章分一页 page_num = request.GET.get('page',1)#GET方法获得url参数?page1 page是参数需要带引号 page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num)#get_page方法处理用户输入的错误值 current_page_num = page_of_blogs.number#获得当前页 # 比较截取到想要的那个数到最小值1时用小的值和1作比较生成一个从小到当前的值 range_page = list(range(max(current_page_num-2,1),current_page_num))+\ list(range(current_page_num, min(current_page_num+2,paginator.num_pages)+1)) # range(当前到---->想要的那个值取到最后最小的那个值) #添加省略号 if range_page[0]-1>=2: range_page.insert(0,'...') if paginator.num_pages-range_page[-1]>=2: range_page.append('...') #添加首页和尾页 if range_page[0]!=1: range_page.insert(0,1) if range_page[-1]!=paginator.num_pages: range_page.append(paginator.num_pages) contenx = {} contenx['page_of_blogs'] = page_of_blogs contenx['blogs'] = page_of_blogs.object_list#获取符合参数所有的文章 # contenx['count'] = Blog.objects.all().count() contenx['blog_dates'] = Blog.objects.dates('create_time','month','DESC') contenx['range_page'] = range_page contenx['blogtypes'] = Blogtype.objects.all()#获取所有的分类 return render_to_response('blog/list.html',contenx) def blog_with_type(request,typename_pk): contenx ={} typename = get_object_or_404(Blogtype,pk = typename_pk)#拿到传入的类型参数 blogs = Blog.objects.filter(typename=typename) paginator = Paginator(blogs, settings.EACH_OF_BLOGS_NUMBER)#每10篇文章分一页 page_num = request.GET.get('page',1)#GET方法获得url参数?page1 page是参数需要带引号 page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num)#get_page方法处理用户输入的错误值 current_page_num = page_of_blogs.number#获得当前页 # 比较截取到想要的那个数到最小值1时用小的值和1作比较生成一个从小到当前的值 range_page = list(range(max(current_page_num-2,1),current_page_num))+\ list(range(current_page_num, min(current_page_num+2,paginator.num_pages)+1)) # range(当前到---->想要的那个值取到最后最小的那个值) #添加省略号 if range_page[0]-1>=2: range_page.insert(0,'...') if paginator.num_pages-range_page[-1]>=2: range_page.append('...') #添加首页和尾页 if range_page[0]!=1: range_page.insert(0,1) if range_page[-1]!=paginator.num_pages: range_page.append(paginator.num_pages) contenx['page_of_blogs'] = page_of_blogs contenx['blogs'] = page_of_blogs.object_list#获取符合参数所有的文章 # contenx['count'] = Blog.objects.all().count() contenx['range_page'] = range_page contenx['typename'] = typename#显示分类列 contenx['blogtypes']= Blogtype.objects.all()#获取所有的分类 contenx['blog_dates'] = Blog.objects.dates('create_time','month','DESC') return render_to_response('blog/blog_with_type.html',contenx) def blog_with_date(request,year,month): contenx={} blogs= Blog.objects.filter(create_time__year = year ,create_time__month = month) paginator = Paginator(blogs, settings.EACH_OF_BLOGS_NUMBER)#每10篇文章分一页 page_num = request.GET.get('page',1)#GET方法获得url参数?page1 page是参数需要带引号 page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num)#get_page方法处理用户输入的错误值 current_page_num = page_of_blogs.number#获得当前页 # 比较截取到想要的那个数到最小值1时用小的值和1作比较生成一个从小到当前的值 range_page = list(range(max(current_page_num-2,1),current_page_num))+\ list(range(current_page_num, min(current_page_num+2,paginator.num_pages)+1)) # range(当前到---->想要的那个值取到最后最小的那个值) #添加省略号 if range_page[0]-1>=2: range_page.insert(0,'...') if paginator.num_pages-range_page[-1]>=2: range_page.append('...') #添加首页和尾页 if range_page[0]!=1: range_page.insert(0,1) if range_page[-1]!=paginator.num_pages: range_page.append(paginator.num_pages) contenx['blogs_with_date'] = '%s年%s月'%(year,month) contenx['blogs'] = page_of_blogs.object_list contenx['page_of_blogs'] = page_of_blogs contenx['range_page'] = range_page contenx['blogtypes']= Blogtype.objects.all()#获取所有的分类 contenx['blog_dates'] = Blog.objects.dates('create_time','month','DESC') return render_to_response('blog/blog_with_date.html',contenx)