Linux CentOS 7 服务器集群硬件常用查看命令

(一)查看内核:uname -a

[root@cdh1 ~]# uname -a
Linux cdh1.macro.com 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Aug 7 18:08:02 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

(二)查看系统:cat /etc/redhat-release

[root@cdh1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

(三)查看CPU:cat /proc/cpuinfo 或者 lscpu
tips:两者命令差不多,lscpu更简洁,主要关注 Core(s) per socketSocket(s) 参数,以及Thread(s) per core
。后者表示逻辑核心,一般是1,如果使用超线程技术,则是2;CPU(s) 是三者的乘积。

[root@cdh1 ~]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                3
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-2
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    1
Socket(s):             3
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 62
Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2660 v2 @ 2.20GHz
Stepping:              4
CPU MHz:               2200.000
BogoMIPS:              4400.00
Hypervisor vendor:     VMware
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              25600K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-2
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm fsgsbase tsc_adjust smep dtherm ida arat pln pts

(四)查看内存:cat /proc/meminfo或者 free -m (-g) 是以GB为单位
tips:两者同样差不多,但是 free命令支持格式调整(以mb或者gb为单位显示),可读性更高。-g参数是以g为单位显示。total是总的,userd是已使用;free是空闲的,buff/cache 是已使用的缓存内存,但是也可以使用。可以把buff/cache 理解为Windows的保留内存,如果内存空间使用率不高,Windows会使用一部分内存用于缓存常用的应用,用于提高响应速度;如果用户内存使用较多,Windows会释放这部分内存用于用户使用。

[root@cdh1 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          15885       12785         153          64        2946        2705
Swap:          4095          89        4006

(五)查看磁盘使用:df -h
tips:主要用于观察各分配路径下的磁盘使用情况。Linux不同于Windows文件系统,Windows有多个磁盘(C、D、E盘),Linux只有一个“盘”,那就是根目录,但是我们可以给根目录下的指定路径划分空间大小;如果磁盘不够用了,我们还可以挂载物理硬盘到逻辑目录,用于提高可用空间。

[root@cdh1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G   33M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  495G   49G  447G  10% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  149M  866M  15% /boot
tmpfs                    1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
cm_processes             7.8G   77M  7.7G   1% /run/cloudera-scm-agent/process

(六)查看分区大小:fdisk -l
tips:fdisk命令的英文全称是“Partition table manipulator for Linux”,即作为磁盘的分区工具。进行硬盘分区从实质上说就是对硬盘的一种格式化, 用一个形象的比喻,分区就好比在一张白纸上画一个大方框,而格式化好比在方框里打上格子。fdisk可用于显示当前分区情况,我一般拿这个命令查看物理磁盘大小和分区情况。

[root@cdh1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000beeb6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200  1048575999   523238400   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 531.5 GB, 531498008576 bytes, 1038082048 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

(七)查看网卡:
1.nmcli 查看网卡名
2.使用ethtool 网卡名,看speed参数

[root@cdh1 ~]# nmcli 
ens192: connected to ens192
        "VMware VMXNET3"
        ethernet (vmxnet3), 00:0C:29:4D:9B:51, hw, mtu 1500
        ip4 default
        inet4 10.168.1.37/24
        route4 10.168.1.0/24
        route4 0.0.0.0/0
        inet6 fe80::220e:9ba0:aa4a:3ef6/64
        inet6 fe80::2672:bfaa:c5b2:6f62/64
        inet6 fe80::493d:630c:4aa8:ac3c/64
        route6 fe80::/64
        route6 ff00::/8

lo: unmanaged
        "lo"
        loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536

DNS configuration:
        servers: 10.168.1.1
        interface: ens192

Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and
"nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles.

Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(7) manual pages for complete usage details.
[root@cdh1 ~]# ethtool ens192
Settings for ens192:
	Supported ports: [ TP ]
	Supported link modes:   1000baseT/Full 
	                        10000baseT/Full 
	Supported pause frame use: No
	Supports auto-negotiation: No
	Supported FEC modes: Not reported
	Advertised link modes:  Not reported
	Advertised pause frame use: No
	Advertised auto-negotiation: No
	Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
	Speed: 10000Mb/s
	Duplex: Full
	Port: Twisted Pair
	PHYAD: 0
	Transceiver: internal
	Auto-negotiation: off
	MDI-X: Unknown
	Supports Wake-on: uag
	Wake-on: d
	Link detected: yes

tips:如代码所示,此机网卡为万兆网卡。
(八)查看raid类型:dmesg | grep -i raidcat /proc/mdstat
tips:dmesg 是开机过程中的加载信息,mdstat 是设备信息。我一般喜欢用后者

[root@cdh1 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : 
unused devices: <none>

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_44491709/article/details/114263859