(转)深入剖析Redis主从复制

一、主从概述

Redis 支持 Master-Slave(主从)模式,Redis Server 可以设置为另一个 Redis Server 的主机(从机),从机定期从主机拿数据。特殊的,一个从机同样可以设置为一个 Redis Server 的主机,这样一来 Master-Slave 的分布看起来就是一个有向无环图 DAG,如此形成 Redis Server 集群,无论是主机还是从机都是 Redis Server,都可以提供服务。

wKioL1N3m4DTVxq0AACLKt_Ktdk945.jpg

在配置后,主机可负责读写服务,从机只负责读。Redis 提高这种配置方式,为的是让其支持数据的弱一致性,即最终一致性。在业务中,选择强一致性还是弱一致性,应该取决于具体的业务需求,像微博,完全可以使用弱一致性模型;像淘宝,可以选用强一致性模型。

Redis 主从复制的实现主要在 replication.c 中。

这篇文章涉及较多的代码,但我已经尽量删繁就简,达到能说明问题本质。为了保留代码的原生性并让读者能够阅读原生代码的注释,剖析 Redis 的几篇文章都没有删除代码中的英文注释,并已加注释。

 

二、积压空间

在《深入剖析 Redis AOF 持久化策略》中,介绍了更新缓存的概念,举一个例子:客户端发来命令:set name Jhon,这一数据更新被记录为:*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$4\r\nname\r\n$3\r\nJhon\r\n,并存储在更新缓存中。

同样,在主从连接中,也有更新缓存的概念。只是两者的用途不一样,前者被写入本地,后者被写入从机,这里我们把它称为积压空间。

更新缓存存储在 server.repl_backlog,Redis 将其作为一个环形空间来处理,这样做节省了空间,避免内存再分配的情况。

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struct  redisServer {
     /* Replication (master) */
     // 最近一次使用(访问)的数据集
     int  slaveseldb;                  /* Last SELECTed DB in replication output */
                                                                   
     // 全局的数据同步偏移量
     long  long  master_repl_offset;    /* Global replication offset */
                                                                    
     // 主从连接心跳频率
     int  repl_ping_slave_period;      /* Master pings the slave every N seconds */
                                                                    
     // 积压空间指针
     char  *repl_backlog;              /* Replication backlog for partial syncs */
                                                                  
     // 积压空间大小
     long  long  repl_backlog_size;     /* Backlog circular buffer size */
                                                                  
     // 积压空间中写入的新数据的大小
     long  long  repl_backlog_histlen;  /* Backlog actual data length */
                                                                  
     // 下一次向积压空间写入数据的起始位置
     long  long  repl_backlog_idx;      /* Backlog circular buffer current offset */
                                                                  
     // 积压数据的起始位置,是一个宏观值
     long  long  repl_backlog_off;      /* Replication offset of first byte
                                        in the backlog buffer. */
                                                                    
     // 积压空间有效时间
     time_t  repl_backlog_time_limit;  /* Time without slaves after the backlog gets released. */
}

积压空间中的数据变更记录是什么时候被写入的?在执行一个 Redis 命令的时候,如果存在数据的修改(写),那么就会把变更记录传播。Redis 源码中是这么实现的:call()->propagate()->replicationFeedSlaves()

注释:命令真正执行的地方在 call() 中,call() 如果发现数据被修改(dirty),则传播 propagrate(),replicationFeedSlaves() 将修改记录写入积压空间和所有已连接的从机。

这里可能会有疑问:为什么把数据添加入积压空间,又把数据分发给所有的从机?为什么不仅仅将数据分发给所有从机呢?

因为有一些从机会因特殊情况(???)与主机断开连接,注意从机断开前有暂存主机的状态信息,因此这些断开的从机就没有及时收到更新的数据。Redis 为了让断开的从机在下次连接后能够获取更新数据,将更新数据加入了积压空间。从 replicationFeedSlaves() 实现来看,在线的 Slave 能马上收到数据更新记录;因某些原因暂时断开连接的 Slave,需要从积压空间中找回断开期间的数据更新记录。如果断开的时间足够长,Master 会拒绝 Slave 的部分同步请求,从而 Slave 只能进行全同步。

下面是源码注释:

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// call() 函数是执行命令的核心函数,真正执行命令的地方
/* Call() is the core of Redis execution of a command */
void  call(redisClient *c,  int  flags) {
     ......
     /* Call the command. */
     c->flags &= ~(REDIS_FORCE_AOF | REDIS_FORCE_REPL);
     redisOpArrayInit(&server.also_propagate);
                                                        
     // 脏数据标记,数据是否被修改
     dirty = server.dirty;
                                                        
     // 执行命令对应的函数
     c->cmd->proc(c);
                                                        
     dirty = server.dirty - dirty;
     duration = ustime() - start;
                                                        
     ......
                                                        
     // 将客户端请求的数据修改记录传播给 AOF 和从机
     /* Propagate the command into the AOF and replication link */
     if  (flags & REDIS_CALL_PROPAGATE) {
         int  flags = REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE;
                                                        
         // 强制主从复制
         if  (c->flags & REDIS_FORCE_REPL) flags |= REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL;
                                                        
         // 强制 AOF 持久化
         if  (c->flags & REDIS_FORCE_AOF) flags |= REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF;
                                                        
         // 数据被修改
         if  (dirty)
             flags |= (REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL | REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF);
                                                        
         // 传播数据修改记录
         if  (flags != REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE)
             propagate(c->cmd, c->db->id, c->argv, c->argc, flags);
     }
     ......
}
                                                        
// 向 AOF 和从机发布数据更新
/* Propagate the specified command (in the context of the specified database id)
  * to AOF and Slaves.
  *
  * flags are an xor between:
  * + REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE (no propagation of command at all)
  * + REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF (propagate into the AOF file if is enabled)
  * + REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL (propagate into the replication link)
  */
void  propagate( struct  redisCommand *cmd,  int  dbid, robj **argv,  int  argc,
                int  flags)
{
     // AOF 策略需要打开,且设置 AOF 传播标记,将更新发布给本地文件
     if  (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF && flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF)
         feedAppendOnlyFile(cmd, dbid, argv, argc);
                                                        
     // 设置了从机传播标记,将更新发布给从机
     if  (flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL)
         replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,dbid,argv,argc);
}
                                                        
// 向积压空间和从机发送数据
void  replicationFeedSlaves(list *slaves,  int  dictid, robj **argv,  int  argc) {
     listNode *ln;
     listIter li;
     int  j, len;
     char  llstr[REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE];
                                                        
     // 没有积压数据且没有从机,直接退出
     /* If there aren't slaves, and there is no backlog buffer to populate,
      * we can return ASAP. */
     if  (server.repl_backlog == NULL && listLength(slaves) == 0)  return ;
                                                        
     /* We can't have slaves attached and no backlog. */
     redisAssert(!(listLength(slaves) != 0 && server.repl_backlog == NULL));
                                                        
     /* Send SELECT command to every slave if needed. */
     if  (server.slaveseldb != dictid) {
         robj *selectcmd;
                                                        
         // 小于等于 10 的可以用共享对象
         /* For a few DBs we have pre-computed SELECT command. */
         if  (dictid >= 0 && dictid < REDIS_SHARED_SELECT_CMDS) {
             selectcmd = shared.select[dictid];
         else  {
         // 不能使用共享对象,生成 SELECT 命令对应的 redis 对象
             int  dictid_len;
                                                        
             dictid_len = ll2string(llstr,  sizeof (llstr), dictid);
             selectcmd = createObject(REDIS_STRING,
                 sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),
                 "*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n$%d\r\n%s\r\n" ,
                 dictid_len, llstr));
         }
                                                        
         // 这里可能会有疑问:为什么把数据添加入积压空间,又把数据分发给所有的从机?
         // 为什么不仅仅将数据分发给所有从机呢?
         // 因为有一些从机会因特殊情况(???)与主机断开连接,注意从机断开前有暂存
         // 主机的状态信息,因此这些断开的从机就没有及时收到更新的数据。redis 为了让
         // 断开的从机在下次连接后能够获取更新数据,将更新数据加入了积压空间。
                                                        
         // 将 SELECT 命令对应的 redis 对象数据添加到积压空间
         /* Add the SELECT command into the backlog. */
         if  (server.repl_backlog) feedReplicationBacklogWithObject(selectcmd);
                                                        
         // 将数据分发所有的从机
         /* Send it to slaves. */
         listRewind(slaves, &li);
         while ((ln = listNext(&li))) {
             redisClient *slave = ln->value;
             addReply(slave, selectcmd);
         }
                                                        
         // 销毁对象
         if  (dictid < 0 || dictid >= REDIS_SHARED_SELECT_CMDS)
             decrRefCount(selectcmd);
     }
                                                        
     // 更新最近一次使用(访问)的数据集
     server.slaveseldb = dictid;
                                                        
     // 将命令写入积压空间
     /* Write the command to the replication backlog if any. */
     if  (server.repl_backlog) {
         char  aux[REDIS_LONGSTR_SIZE+3];
                                                        
         // 命令个数
         /* Add the multi bulk reply length. */
         aux[0] =  '*' ;
         len = ll2string(aux + 1,  sizeof (aux) - 1, argc);
         aux[len+1] =  '\r' ;
         aux[len+2] =  '\n' ;
         feedReplicationBacklog(aux, len + 3);
                                                        
         // 逐个命令写入
         for  (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
             long  objlen = stringObjectLen(argv[j]);
                                                        
             /* We need to feed the buffer with the object as a bulk reply
              * not just as a plain string, so create the $..CRLF payload len
              * ad add the final CRLF */
             aux[0] =  '$' ;
             len = ll2string(aux + 1,  sizeof (aux) - 1, objlen);
             aux[len+1] =  '\r' ;
             aux[len+2] =  '\n' ;
                                                        
             /* 每个命令格式如下:
             $3
             *3
             SET
             *4
             NAME
             *4
             Jhon*/
                                                        
             // 命令长度
             feedReplicationBacklog(aux, len + 3);
             // 命令
             feedReplicationBacklogWithObject(argv[j]);
             // 换行
             feedReplicationBacklog(aux + len + 1, 2);
         }
     }
                                                        
     // 立即给每一个从机发送命令
     /* Write the command to every slave. */
     listRewind(slaves, &li);
     while ((ln = listNext(&li))) {
         redisClient *slave = ln->value;
                                                        
         // 如果从机要求全同步,则不对此从机发送数据
         /* Don't feed slaves that are still waiting for BGSAVE to start */
         if  (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START)  continue ;
                                                        
         /* Feed slaves that are waiting for the initial SYNC (so these commands
          * are queued in the output buffer until the initial SYNC completes),
          * or are already in sync with the master. */
                                                        
         // 向从机命令的长度
         /* Add the multi bulk length. */
         addReplyMultiBulkLen(slave, argc);
                                                        
         // 向从机发送命令
         /* Finally any additional argument that was not stored inside the
          * static buffer if any (from j to argc). */
         for  (j = 0; j < argc; j++)
             addReplyBulk(slave, argv[j]);
     }
}

三、主从数据同步机制概述

Redis 主从同步有两种方式(或者所两个阶段):全同步和部分同步。

主从刚刚连接的时候,进行全同步;全同步结束后,进行部分同步。当然,如果有需要,Slave 在任何时候都可以发起全同步。Redis 策略是,无论如何,首先会尝试进行部分同步,如不成功,要求从机进行全同步,并启动 BGSAVE……BGSAVE 结束后,传输 RDB 文件;如果成功,允许从机进行部分同步,并传输积压空间中的数据。

下面这幅图,总结了主从同步的机制:

wKiom1N3nPbS-5JMAAHj5MGbf50000.jpg

如需设置 Slave,Master 需要向 Slave 发送 SLAVEOF hostname port,从机接收到后会自动连接主机,注册相应读写事件(syncWithMaster())。

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// 修改主机
void  slaveofCommand(redisClient *c) {
     if  (!strcasecmp(c->argv[1]->ptr,  "no" ) &&
         !strcasecmp(c->argv[2]->ptr,  "one" )) {
         // slaveof no one 断开主机连接
         if  (server.masterhost) {
             replicationUnsetMaster();
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "MASTER MODE enabled (user request)" );
         }
     else  {
         long  port;
                                                                                                                                                               
         if  ((getLongFromObjectOrReply(c, c->argv[2], &port, NULL) != REDIS_OK))
             return ;
                                                                                                                                                               
         // 可能已经连接需要连接的主机
         /* Check if we are already attached to the specified slave */
         if  (server.masterhost && !strcasecmp(server.masterhost,c->argv[1]->ptr)
             && server.masterport == port) {
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
                 "SLAVE OF would result into synchronization with the master we are
                 already connected with. No operation performed.");
                                                                                                                             
             addReplySds(c, sdsnew( "+OK Already connected to specified master\r\n" ));
             return ;
         }
                                                                                                                                                               
         // 断开之前连接主机的连接,连接新的。 replicationSetMaster() 并不会真正连接主机,
         // 只是修改 struct server 中关于主机的设置。真正的主机连接在 replicationCron() 中完成
         /* There was no previous master or the user specified a different one,
          * we can continue. */
         replicationSetMaster(c->argv[1]->ptr, port);
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "SLAVE OF %s:%d enabled (user request)" ,
             server.masterhost, server.masterport);
     }
     addReply(c,shared.ok);
}
                                                                                                                                                               
// 设置新主机
/* Set replication to the specified master address and port. */
void  replicationSetMaster( char  *ip,  int  port) {
     sdsfree(server.masterhost);
     server.masterhost = sdsdup(ip);
     server.masterport = port;
                                                                                                                                                               
     // 断开之前主机的连接
     if  (server.master) freeClient(server.master);
     disconnectSlaves();  /* Force our slaves to resync with us as well. */
                                                                                                                                                               
     // 取消缓存主机
     replicationDiscardCachedMaster();  /* Don't try a PSYNC. */
                                                                                                                                                               
     // 释放积压空间
     freeReplicationBacklog();  /* Don't allow our chained slaves to PSYNC. */
                                                                                                                                                               
     // cancelReplicationHandshake() 尝试断开数据传输和主机连接
     cancelReplicationHandshake();
     server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;
     server.master_repl_offset = 0;
}
                                                                                                                    
// 管理主从连接的定时程序定时程序,每秒执行一次
// 在 serverCorn() 中调用
/* --------------------------- REPLICATION CRON  ----------------------------- */
                                                                                                                                                               
/* Replication cron funciton, called 1 time per second. */
void  replicationCron( void ) {
     ......
     // 如果需要( REDIS_REPL_CONNECT),尝试连接主机,真正连接主机的操作在这里
     /* Check if we should connect to a MASTER */
     if  (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECT) {
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Connecting to MASTER %s:%d" ,
             server.masterhost, server.masterport);
         if  (connectWithMaster() == REDIS_OK) {
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync started" );
         }
     }
     ......
}

四、全同步

接着自动发起 PSYNC 请求 Master 进行全同步。无论如何,Redis 首先会尝试部分同步,如果失败才尝试全同步。而刚刚建立连接的 Master-Slave 需要全同步。

从机连接主机后,会主动发起 PSYNC 命令,从机会提供 master_runid 和 offset,主机验证 master_runid 和 offset 是否有效?master_runid 相当于主机身份验证码,用来验证从机上一次连接的主机,offset 是全局积压空间数据的偏移量。

验证未通过则,则进行全同步:主机返回 +FULLRESYNC master_runid offset(从机接收并记录 master_runid 和 offset,并准备接收 RDB 文件)接着启动 BGSAVE 生成 RDB 文件,BGSAVE 结束后,向从机传输,从而完成全同步。

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// 连接主机 connectWithMaster() 的时候,会被注册为回调函数
void  syncWithMaster(aeEventLoop *el,  int  fd,  void  *privdata,  int  mask) {
     char  tmpfile [256], *err;
     int  dfd, maxtries = 5;
     int  sockerr = 0, psync_result;
     socklen_t errlen =  sizeof (sockerr);
                                                                                                                                           
     ......
                                                                                                                                           
     // 这里尝试向主机请求部分同步,主机会回复以拒绝或接受请求。如果拒绝部分同步,
     // 会返回 +FULLRESYNC master_runid offset
     // 从机接收后准备进行全同步    psync_result = slaveTryPartialResynchronization(fd);
     if  (psync_result == PSYNC_CONTINUE) {
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
             "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Master accepted a Partial Resynchronization." );
         return ;
     }
                                                                                                                                           
     // 执行全同步
     /* Fall back to SYNC if needed. Otherwise psync_result == PSYNC_FULLRESYNC
      * and the server.repl_master_runid and repl_master_initial_offset are
      * already populated. */
                                                                                                                                           
     // 未知结果,进行出错处理
     if  (psync_result == PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "Retrying with SYNC..." );
         if  (syncWrite(fd, "SYNC\r\n" ,6,server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1) {
             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "I/O error writing to MASTER: %s" ,
                 strerror ( errno ));
             goto  error;
         }
     }
                                                                                                                                           
     // 为什么要尝试 5次???
     /* Prepare a suitable temp file for bulk transfer */
     while (maxtries--) {
         snprintf( tmpfile , 256,  "temp-%d.%ld.rdb" , ( int )server.unixtime, ( long  int )getpid());
         dfd = open( tmpfile , O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_EXCL, 0644);
         if  (dfd != -1)  break ;
         sleep(1);
     }
                                                                                                           
     if  (dfd == -1) {
         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
             "Opening the temp file needed for MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s" ,
             strerror ( errno ));
         goto  error;
     }
                                                                                                                                           
     // 注册读事件,回调函数 readSyncBulkPayload(), 准备读 RDB 文件
     /* Setup the non blocking download of the bulk file. */
     if  (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd, AE_READABLE, readSyncBulkPayload, NULL) == AE_ERR) {
         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,  "Can't create readable event for SYNC: %s (fd=%d)" ,
             strerror ( errno ), fd);
         goto  error;
     }
                                                                                                                                           
     // 设置传输 RDB 文件数据的选项
     // 状态
     server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER;
     // RDB 文件大小
     server.repl_transfer_size = -1;
     // 已经传输的大小
     server.repl_transfer_read = 0;
     // 上一次同步的偏移,为的是定时写入磁盘
     server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off = 0;
     // 本地 RDB 文件套接字
     server.repl_transfer_fd = dfd;
     // 上一次同步 IO 时间
     server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
     // 临时文件名
     server.repl_transfer_tmpfile = zstrdup( tmpfile );
     return ;
                                                                                                                                           
error:
     close(fd);
     server.repl_transfer_s = -1;
     server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;
     return ;
}

全同步请求的数据是 RDB 数据文件和积压空间中的数据。关于 RDB 数据文件,请参看《深入剖析 Redis RDB 持久化策略》。如果没有后台持久化 BGSAVE 进程,那么 BGSVAE 会被触发,否则所有请求全同步的 Slave 都会被标记为等待 BGSAVE 结束。BGSAVE 结束后,Master 会马上向所有的从机发送 RDB 文件。

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// 主机 SYNC 和 PSYNC 命令处理函数,会尝试进行部分同步和全同步
/* SYNC ad PSYNC command implemenation. */
void  syncCommand(redisClient *c) {
     ......
     // 主机尝试部分同步,失败的话向从机发送 +FULLRESYNC master_runid offset,接着启动 BGSAVE
                                                                    
     // 执行全同步:
     /* Full resynchronization. */
     server.stat_sync_full++;
                                                                    
     /* Here we need to check if there is a background saving operation
      * in progress, or if it is required to start one */
     if  (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) {
         /*  存在 BGSAVE 后台进程。
           1.如果 master 现有所连接的所有从机 slaves 当中有存在 REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END 的从机,
             那么将从机 c 设置为 REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
           2.否则,设置为 REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START*/
                                                                    
         /* Ok a background save is in progress. Let's check if it is a good
          * one for replication, i.e. if there is another slave that is
          * registering differences since the server forked to save */
         redisClient *slave;
         listNode *ln;
         listIter li;
                                                                    
         // 检测是否已经有从机申请全同步
         listRewind(server.slaves, &li);
         while ((ln = listNext(&li))) {
             slave = ln->value;
             if  (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END)  break ;
         }
                                                                    
         if  (ln) {
             // 存在状态为 REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END 的从机 slave,
             // 就将此从机 c 状态设置为 REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END,
             // 从而在 BGSAVE 进程结束后,可以发送 RDB 文件,
             // 同时将从机 slave 中的更新复制到此从机 c。
                                                                    
             /* Perfect, the server is already registering differences for
              * another slave. Set the right state, and copy the buffer. */
                                                                    
             // 将其他从机上的待回复的缓存复制到从机 c
             copyClientOutputBuffer(c, slave);
                                                                    
             // 修改从机 c 状态为「等待 BGSAVE 进程结束」
             c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Waiting for end of BGSAVE for SYNC" );
         else  {
             // 不存在状态为 REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END 的从机,就将此从机 c 状态设置为
             // REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START,即等待新的 BGSAVE 进程的开启。
             // 修改状态为「等待 BGSAVE 进程开始」
             /* No way, we need to wait for the next BGSAVE in order to
              * register differences */
             c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START;
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Waiting for next BGSAVE for SYNC" );
         }
     else  {
         // 不存在 BGSAVE 后台进程,启动一个新的 BGSAVE 进程
         /* Ok we don't have a BGSAVE in progress, let's start one */
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Starting BGSAVE for SYNC" );
         if  (rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename) != REDIS_OK) {
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Replication failed, can't BGSAVE" );
             addReplyError(c,  "Unable to perform background save" );
             return ;
         }
                                                                    
         // 将此从机 c 状态设置为 REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END,从而在 BGSAVE 进程结束后,
         // 可以发送 RDB 文件,同时将从机 slave 中的更新复制到此从机 c。
         c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
                                                                    
         // 清理脚本缓存???
         /* Flush the script cache for the new slave. */
         replicationScriptCacheFlush();
     }
                                                                    
     if  (server.repl_disable_tcp_nodelay)
         anetDisableTcpNoDelay(NULL, c->fd);  /* Non critical if it fails. */
     c->repldbfd = -1;
     c->flags |= REDIS_SLAVE;
     server.slaveseldb = -1;  /* Force to re-emit the SELECT command. */
     listAddNodeTail(server.slaves,c);
     if  (listLength(server.slaves) == 1 && server.repl_backlog == NULL)
         createReplicationBacklog();
     return ;
}
                                                                    
// BGSAVE 结束后,会调用
/* A background saving child (BGSAVE) terminated its work. Handle this. */
void  backgroundSaveDoneHandler( int  exitcode,  int  bysignal) {
     // 其他操作
     ......
     // 可能从机正在等待 BGSAVE 进程的终止
     /* Possibly there are slaves waiting for a BGSAVE in order to be served
      * (the first stage of SYNC is a bulk transfer of dump.rdb) */
     updateSlavesWaitingBgsave(exitcode == 0 ? REDIS_OK : REDIS_ERR);
}
                                                                    
// 当 RDB 持久化(backgroundSaveDoneHandler())结束后,会调用此函数
// RDB 文件就绪,给所有的从机发送 RDB 文件
/* This function is called at the end of every background saving.
* The argument bgsaveerr is REDIS_OK if the background saving succeeded
* otherwise REDIS_ERR is passed to the function.
*
* The goal of this function is to handle slaves waiting for a successful
* background saving in order to perform non-blocking synchronization. */
void  updateSlavesWaitingBgsave( int  bgsaveerr) {
     listNode *ln;
     int  startbgsave = 0;
     listIter li;
                                                                    
     listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
     while ((ln = listNext(&li))) {
         redisClient *slave = ln->value;
                                                                    
         // 等待 BGSAVE 开始。调整状态为等待下一次 BGSAVE 进程的结束
         if  (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START) {
             startbgsave = 1;
                                                                    
             slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
                                                                    
         // 等待 BGSAVE 结束。准备向 slave 发送 RDB 文件
         else  if  (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END) {
             struct  redis_stat buf;
                                                                    
             // 如果 RDB 持久化失败, bgsaveerr 会被设置为 REDIS_ERR
             if  (bgsaveerr != REDIS_OK) {
                 freeClient(slave);
                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,  "SYNC failed. BGSAVE child returned an error" );
                 continue ;
             }
                                                                    
             // 打开 RDB 文件
             if  ((slave->repldbfd = open(server.rdb_filename, O_RDONLY)) == -1 ||
                 redis_fstat(slave->repldbfd, &buf) == -1) {
                 freeClient(slave);
                 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                     "SYNC failed. Can't open/stat DB after BGSAVE: %s" strerror ( errno ));
                 continue ;
             }
                                                                    
             slave->repldboff = 0;
             slave->repldbsize = buf.st_size;
             slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_SEND_BULK;
                                                                    
             // 如果之前有注册写事件,取消
             aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,slave->fd,AE_WRITABLE);
                                                                    
             // 注册新的写事件,sendBulkToSlave() 传输 RDB 文件
             if  (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, slave->fd, AE_WRITABLE, sendBulkToSlave,
                 slave) == AE_ERR) {
                 freeClient(slave);
                 continue ;
             }
         }
     }
                                                                    
     // startbgsave == REDIS_ERR 表示 BGSAVE 失败,再一次进行 BGSAVE 尝试
     if  (startbgsave) {
         /* Since we are starting a new background save for one or more slaves,
          * we flush the Replication Script Cache to use EVAL to propagate every
          * new EVALSHA for the first time, since all the new slaves don't know
          * about previous scripts. */
         replicationScriptCacheFlush();
                                                                    
         if  (rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename) != REDIS_OK) {
             /* BGSAVE 可能 fork 失败,所有等待 BGSAVE 的从机都将结束连接。
              * 这是 redis 自我保护的措施,fork 失败很可能是内存紧张
              */
             listIter li;
                                                                    
             listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,  "SYNC failed. BGSAVE failed" );
             while ((ln = listNext(&li))) {
                 redisClient *slave = ln->value;
                                                                    
                 if  (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START)
                     freeClient(slave);
             }
         }
     }
}

五、部分同步

如上所说,无论如何,Redis 首先会尝试部分同步。部分同步即把积压空间缓存的数据,即更新记录发送给从机。

从机连接主机后,会主动发起 PSYNC 命令,从机会提供 master_runid 和 offset,主机验证 master_runid 和 offset 是否有效?

验证通过则,进行部分同步:主机返回 +CONTINUE(从机接收后会注册积压数据接收事件),接着发送积压空间数据。

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// 连接主机 connectWithMaster() 的时候,会被注册为回调函数
void  syncWithMaster(aeEventLoop *el,  int  fd,  void  *privdata,  int  mask) {
     char  tmpfile [256], *err;
     int  dfd, maxtries = 5;
     int  sockerr = 0, psync_result;
     socklen_t errlen =  sizeof (sockerr);
                                                
     ......
                                                
     // 尝试部分同步,主机允许进行部分同步会返回 +CONTINUE,从机接收后注册相应的事件
                                                
     /* Try a partial resynchonization. If we don't have a cached master
      * slaveTryPartialResynchronization() will at least try to use PSYNC
      * to start a full resynchronization so that we get the master run id
      * and the global offset, to try a partial resync at the next
      * reconnection attempt. */
                                                
     // 函数返回三种状态:
     // PSYNC_CONTINUE:表示会进行部分同步,在 slaveTryPartialResynchronization()
     // 中已经设置回调函数 readQueryFromClient()
     // PSYNC_FULLRESYNC:全同步,会下载 RDB 文件
     // PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED:未知
     psync_result = slaveTryPartialResynchronization(fd);
     if  (psync_result == PSYNC_CONTINUE) {
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
             "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Master accepted a Partial Resynchronization." );
         return ;
     }
                                                
     // 执行全同步
     ......
}
                                                
// 函数返回三种状态:
// PSYNC_CONTINUE:表示会进行部分同步,已经设置回调函数
// PSYNC_FULLRESYNC:全同步,会下载 RDB 文件
// PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED:未知
#define PSYNC_CONTINUE 0
#define PSYNC_FULLRESYNC 1
#define PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED 2
int  slaveTryPartialResynchronization( int  fd) {
     char  *psync_runid;
     char  psync_offset[32];
     sds reply;
                                                
     /* Initially set repl_master_initial_offset to -1 to mark the current
      * master run_id and offset as not valid. Later if we'll be able to do
      * a FULL resync using the PSYNC command we'll set the offset at the
      * right value, so that this information will be propagated to the
      * client structure representing the master into server.master. */
     server.repl_master_initial_offset = -1;
                                                
     if  (server.cached_master) {
         // 缓存了上一次与主机连接的信息,可以尝试进行部分同步,减少数据传输
         psync_runid = server.cached_master->replrunid;
         snprintf(psync_offset,  sizeof (psync_offset),  "%lld" ,
             server.cached_master->reploff + 1);
                                        
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
             "Trying a partial resynchronization (request %s:%s)." ,
             psync_runid, psync_offset);
     else  {
         // 未缓存上一次与主机连接的信息,进行全同步
         // psync ? -1 可以获取主机的 master_runid
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Partial resynchronization not possible (no cached master)" );
         psync_runid =  "?" ;
         memcpy (psync_offset,  "-1" , 3);
     }
                                                
     // 向主机发送命令,并接收回复
     /* Issue the PSYNC command */
     reply = sendSynchronousCommand(fd,  "PSYNC" , psync_runid, psync_offset, NULL);
                                                
     // 全同步
     if  (! strncmp (reply,  "+FULLRESYNC" , 11)) {
         char  *runid = NULL, *offset = NULL;
                                                
         /* FULL RESYNC, parse the reply in order to extract the run id
          * and the replication offset. */
         runid =  strchr (reply,  ' ' );
         if  (runid) {
             runid++;
             offset =  strchr (runid,  ' ' );
             if  (offset) offset++;
         }
         if  (!runid || !offset || (offset-runid-1) != REDIS_RUN_ID_SIZE) {
             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                 "Master replied with wrong +FULLRESYNC syntax." );
                                            
             /* This is an unexpected condition, actually the +FULLRESYNC
              * reply means that the master supports PSYNC, but the reply
              * format seems wrong. To stay safe we blank the master
              * runid to make sure next PSYNCs will fail. */
             memset (server.repl_master_runid, 0, REDIS_RUN_ID_SIZE + 1);
         else  {
             // 拷贝 runid
             memcpy (server.repl_master_runid, runid, offset-runid-1);
             server.repl_master_runid[REDIS_RUN_ID_SIZE] =  '\0' ;
             server.repl_master_initial_offset = strtoll(offset,NULL,10);
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Full resync from master: %s:%lld" ,
                 server.repl_master_runid,
                 server.repl_master_initial_offset);
         }
         /* We are going to full resync, discard the cached master structure. */
         replicationDiscardCachedMaster();
         sdsfree(reply);
         return  PSYNC_FULLRESYNC;
     }
                                                
     // 部分同步
     if  (! strncmp (reply,  "+CONTINUE" , 9)) {
         /* Partial resync was accepted, set the replication state accordingly */
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Successful partial resynchronization with master." );
         sdsfree(reply);
                                                
         // 缓存主机替代现有主机,且为 PSYNC(部分同步) 做好准备c
         replicationResurrectCachedMaster(fd);
                                                
         return  PSYNC_CONTINUE;
     }
                                                
     /* If we reach this point we receied either an error since the master does
      * not understand PSYNC, or an unexpected reply from the master.
      * Reply with PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED in both cases. */
                                                
     // 接收到主机发出的错误信息
     if  ( strncmp (reply,  "-ERR" , 4)) {
         /* If it's not an error, log the unexpected event. */
         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,  "Unexpected reply to PSYNC from master: %s" , reply);
     else  {
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
             "Master does not support PSYNC or is in "
             "error state (reply: %s)" , reply);
     }
     sdsfree(reply);
     replicationDiscardCachedMaster();
     return  PSYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED;
}
                                                
// 主机 SYNC 和 PSYNC 命令处理函数,会尝试进行部分同步和全同步
/* SYNC ad PSYNC command implemenation. */
void  syncCommand(redisClient *c) {
     ......
                                                
     // 主机尝试部分同步,允许则进行部分同步,会返回 +CONTINUE,接着发送积压空间
                                                
     /* Try a partial resynchronization if this is a PSYNC command.
      * If it fails, we continue with usual full resynchronization, however
      * when this happens masterTryPartialResynchronization() already
      * replied with:
      *
      * +FULLRESYNC <runid> <offset>
      *
      * So the slave knows the new runid and offset to try a PSYNC later
      * if the connection with the master is lost. */
     if  (!strcasecmp(c->argv[0]->ptr,  "psync" )) {
         // 部分同步
         if  (masterTryPartialResynchronization(c) == REDIS_OK) {
             server.stat_sync_partial_ok++;
             return /* No full resync needed, return. */
         else  {
         // 部分同步失败,会进行全同步,这时会收到来自客户端的 runid
             char  *master_runid = c->argv[1]->ptr;
                                                
             /* Increment stats for failed PSYNCs, but only if the
              * runid is not "?", as this is used by slaves to force a full
              * resync on purpose when they are not albe to partially
              * resync. */
             if  (master_runid[0] !=  '?' )
                 server.stat_sync_partial_err++;
         }
     else  {
         /* If a slave uses SYNC, we are dealing with an old implementation
          * of the replication protocol (like redis-cli --slave). Flag the client
          * so that we don't expect to receive REPLCONF ACK feedbacks. */
         c->flags |= REDIS_PRE_PSYNC_SLAVE;
     }
                                                
     // 执行全同步:
     ......
}
                                                
// 主机尝试是否能进行部分同步
/* This function handles the PSYNC command from the point of view of a
* master receiving a request for partial resynchronization.
*
* On success return REDIS_OK, otherwise REDIS_ERR is returned and we proceed
* with the usual full resync. */
int  masterTryPartialResynchronization(redisClient *c) {
     long  long  psync_offset, psync_len;
     char  *master_runid = c->argv[1]->ptr;
     char  buf[128];
     int  buflen;
                                                
     /* Is the runid of this master the same advertised by the wannabe slave
      * via PSYNC? If runid changed this master is a different instance and
      * there is no way to continue. */
     if  (strcasecmp(master_runid, server.runid)) {
     // 当因为异常需要与主机断开连接的时候,从机会暂存主机的状态信息,以便
     // 下一次的部分同步。
     // 1)master_runid 是从机提供一个因缓存主机的 runid,
     // 2)server.runid 是本机(主机)的 runid。
     // 匹配失败,说明是本机(主机)不是从机缓存的主机,这时候不能进行部分同步,
     // 只能进行全同步
                                                
         // "?" 表示从机要求全同步
         // 什么时候从机会要求全同步???
         /* Run id "?" is used by slaves that want to force a full resync. */
         if  (master_runid[0] !=  '?' ) {
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "Partial resynchronization not accepted: "
                 "Runid mismatch (Client asked for '%s', I'm '%s')" ,
                 master_runid, server.runid);
         else  {
             redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,  "Full resync requested by slave." );
         }
         goto  need_full_resync;
     }
                                                
     // 从参数中解析整数,整数是从机指定的偏移量
     /* We still have the data our slave is asking for? */
     if  (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c, c->argv[2], &psync_offset, NULL) != REDIS_OK)
         goto  need_full_resync;
                                                
     // 部分同步失败的情况
     if  (!server.repl_backlog ||  /*不存在积压空间*/
         psync_offset < server.repl_backlog_off ||   /*psync_offset 太过小,
                                                     即从机错过太多更新记录,
                                                     安全起见,实行全同步*/
                                                     /*psync_offset 越界*/
         psync_offset > (server.repl_backlog_off + server.repl_backlog_histlen))
     // 经检测,不满足部分同步的条件,转而进行全同步
     {
         redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
             "Unable to partial resync with the slave  for  lack of
             backlog (Slave request was: %lld).", psync_offset);
                                        
         if  (psync_offset > server.master_repl_offset) {
             redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                 "Warning: slave tried to PSYNC with an offset that is greater
                 than the master replication offset.");
         }
         goto  need_full_resync;
     }
                                                
     // 执行部分同步:
     // 1)标记客户端为从机
     // 2)通知从机准备接收数据。从机收到 +CONTINUE 会做好准备
     // 3)开发发送数据
     /* If we reached this point, we are able to perform a partial resync:
      * 1) Set client state to make it a slave.
      * 2) Inform the client we can continue with +CONTINUE
      * 3) Send the backlog data (from the offset to the end) to the slave. */
                                                
     // 将连接的客户端标记为从机
     c->flags |= REDIS_SLAVE;
                                                
     // 表示进行部分同步
     // #define REDIS_REPL_ONLINE 9 /* RDB file transmitted, sending just
     // updates. */
     c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_ONLINE;
                                                
     // 更新 ack 的时间
     c->repl_ack_time = server.unixtime;
                                                
     // 添加入从机链表
     listAddNodeTail(server.slaves, c);
                                                
     // 告诉从机可以进行部分同步,从机收到后会做相关的准备(注册回调函数)
     /* We can't use the connection buffers since they are used to accumulate
      * new commands at this stage. But we are sure the socket send buffer is
      * emtpy so this write will never fail actually. */
     buflen = snprintf(buf,  sizeof (buf),  "+CONTINUE\r\n" );
     if  (write(c->fd, buf, buflen) != buflen) {
         freeClientAsync(c);
         return  REDIS_OK;
     }
                                                
     // 向从机写积压空间中的数据,积压空间存储有「更新缓存」
     psync_len = addReplyReplicationBacklog(c, psync_offset);
                                                
     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
         "Partial resynchronization request accepted. Sending %lld bytes of backlog
         starting from offset %lld.", psync_len, psync_offset);
                                    
     /* Note that we don't need to set the selected DB at server.slaveseldb
      * to -1 to force the master to emit SELECT, since the slave already
      * has this state from the previous connection with the master. */
     refreshGoodSlavesCount();
     return  REDIS_OK;  /* The caller can return, no full resync needed. */
                                                
need_full_resync:
     ......
     // 向从机发送 +FULLRESYNC runid repl_offset
}

六、暂缓主机

从机因为某些原因,譬如网络延迟(PING 超时,ACK 超时等),可能会断开与主机的连接。这时候,从机会尝试保存与主机连接的信息,譬如全局积压空间数据偏移量等,以便下一次的部分同步,并且从机会再一次尝试连接主机。注意一点,如果断开的时间足够长,部分同步肯定会失败的。

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void  freeClient(redisClient *c) {
     listNode *ln;
                                                                  
     /* If this is marked as current client unset it */
     if  (server.current_client == c) server.current_client = NULL;
                                                                  
     // 如果此机为从机,已经连接主机,可能需要保存主机状态信息,以便进行 PSYNC
     /* If it is our master that's beging disconnected we should make sure
      * to cache the state to try a partial resynchronization later.
      *
      * Note that before doing this we make sure that the client is not in
      * some unexpected state, by checking its flags. */
     if  (server.master && c->flags & REDIS_MASTER) {
         redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Connection with master lost." );
         if  (!(c->flags & (REDIS_CLOSE_AFTER_REPLY|
                           REDIS_CLOSE_ASAP|
                           REDIS_BLOCKED|
                           REDIS_UNBLOCKED)))
         {
             replicationCacheMaster(c);
             return ;
         }
     }
     ......
}
                                                                  
// 为了实现部分同步,从机会保存主机的状态信息后才会断开主机的连接,主机状态信息
// 保存在 server.cached_master
// 会在 freeClient() 中调用,保存与主机连接的状态信息,以便进行 PSYNC
void  replicationCacheMaster(redisClient *c) {
     listNode *ln;
                                                                  
     redisAssert(server.master != NULL && server.cached_master == NULL);
     redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "Caching the disconnected master state." );
                                                                  
     // 从客户端列表删除主机的信息
     /* Remove from the list of clients, we don't want this client to be
      * listed by CLIENT LIST or processed in any way by batch operations. */
     ln = listSearchKey(server.clients,c);
     redisAssert(ln != NULL);
     listDelNode(server.clients,ln);
                                                                  
     // 保存主机的状态信息
     /* Save the master. Server.master will be set to null later by
      * replicationHandleMasterDisconnection(). */
     server.cached_master = server.master;
                                                                  
     // 注销事件,关闭连接
     /* Remove the event handlers and close the socket. We'll later reuse
      * the socket of the new connection with the master during PSYNC. */
     aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,c->fd,AE_READABLE);
     aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,c->fd,AE_WRITABLE);
     close(c->fd);
                                                                  
     /* Set fd to -1 so that we can safely call freeClient(c) later. */
     c->fd = -1;
                                                                  
     // 修改连接的状态,设置 server.master = NULL
     /* Caching the master happens instead of the actual freeClient() call,
      * so make sure to adjust the replication state. This function will
      * also set server.master to NULL. */
     replicationHandleMasterDisconnection();
}

七、总结

简单来说,主从同步就是 RDB 文件的上传下载;主机有小部分的数据修改,就把修改记录传播给每个从机。这篇文章详述了 Redis 主从复制的内部协议和机制。接下来的几篇关于 Redis 的文章,主要是其内部数据结构。

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/liujiacai/p/9220656.html