一、09.30 周一
1.1) 问题01: Spring中的状态机 org.springframework.statemachine.StateMachine 怎么使用?
org.springframework.statemachine.StateMachine
是 Spring State Machine 框架中的核心接口,用于定义和管理状态机。状态机是一种行为模型,能够在不同状态之间进行转换。Spring State Machine 提供了一个灵活且易于使用的框架来实现复杂的状态管理逻辑。
下面是一个简单的示例,演示如何使用 Spring State Machine:
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引入依赖:
首先,需要在项目中添加 Spring State Machine 的依赖。假设你使用的是 Maven,可以在pom.xml
文件中添加以下依赖:<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.statemachine</groupId> <artifactId>spring-statemachine-core</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </dependency>
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定义状态和事件:
使用枚举来定义状态和事件。例如:public enum States { STATE1, STATE2 } public enum Events { EVENT1, EVENT2 }
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配置状态机:
创建一个配置类,使用@EnableStateMachine
注解来启用状态机,并配置状态和事件的关系。import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.statemachine.config.configuration.StateMachineConfigurationConfigurer; import org.springframework.statemachine.config.builders.StateMachineConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.statemachine.config.builders.StateMachineStateConfigurer; import org.springframework.statemachine.config.builders.StateMachineTransitionConfigurer; import org.springframework.statemachine.config.EnableStateMachine; @Configuration @EnableStateMachine public class StateMachineConfig extends StateMachineConfigurerAdapter<States, Events> { @Override public void configure(StateMachineStateConfigurer<States, Events> states) throws Exception { states .withStates() .initial(States.STATE1) .state(States.STATE1) .state(States.STATE2); } @Override public void configure(StateMachineTransitionConfigurer<States, Events> transitions) throws Exception { transitions .withExternal() .source(States.STATE1).target(States.STATE2).event(Events.EVENT1) .and() .withExternal() .source(States.STATE2).target(States.STATE1).event(Events.EVENT2); } }
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使用状态机:
通过 Spring 容器获取状态机实例,并触发事件来改变状态。import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.statemachine.StateMachine; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class StateMachineService { @Autowired private StateMachine<States, Events> stateMachine; public void triggerEvent1() { stateMachine.sendEvent(Events.EVENT1); } public void triggerEvent2() { stateMachine.sendEvent(Events.EVENT2); } public States getCurrentState() { return stateMachine.getState().getId(); } }
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测试状态机:
编写测试代码来验证状态机的行为。import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class StateMachineTest implements CommandLineRunner { @Autowired private StateMachineService stateMachineService; @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println("Initial state: " + stateMachineService.getCurrentState()); stateMachineService.triggerEvent1(); System.out.println("State after EVENT1: " + stateMachineService.getCurrentState()); stateMachineService.triggerEvent2(); System.out.println("State after EVENT2: " + stateMachineService.getCurrentState()); } }
通过以上步骤,你可以创建一个简单的状态机,并使用它来管理状态转换。Spring State Machine 提供了丰富的功能,例如持久化、并发状态、子状态机等,可以根据需要进行扩展和配置。