Java Web开发是一个广泛的主题,涉及多个方面,包括前端技术、后端框架、数据库交互、部署等。下面是一个详细的Java Web开发框架,包括从项目搭建到具体代码实现的全过程。
Java Web开发框架
1. 环境搭建
1.1 安装开发工具
- IDE:IntelliJ IDEA 或 Eclipse
- 服务器:Apache Tomcat
- 数据库:MySQL
- 版本控制:Git
1.2 创建项目
- 使用IntelliJ IDEA或Eclipse创建一个新的Maven项目。
- 添加必要的依赖项,例如Spring Boot、Spring MVC、MyBatis、Thymeleaf等。
2. 项目结构
my-web-app
├── src
│ ├── main
│ │ ├── java
│ │ │ └── com
│ │ │ └── example
│ │ │ ├── controller
│ │ │ ├── service
│ │ │ ├── dao
│ │ │ └── model
│ │ ├── resources
│ │ │ ├── application.properties
│ │ │ └── mapper
│ │ └── webapp
│ │ └── WEB-INF
│ │ └── views
│ └── test
│ └── java
│ └── com
│ └── example
└── pom.xml
3. 依赖管理
在pom.xml
中添加必要的依赖项:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>my-web-app</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Boot -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL Connector -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Thymeleaf -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
4. 配置文件
application.properties
server.port=8080
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html
5. 实体类
User.java
package com.example.model;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
private String email;
// Getters and Setters
}
6. 数据访问对象(DAO)
UserMapper.java
package com.example.dao;
import com.example.model.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id}")
User findById(@Param("id") Long id);
@Insert("INSERT INTO user(name, email) VALUES(#{name}, #{email})")
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
void insert(User user);
@Update("UPDATE user SET name=#{name}, email=#{email} WHERE id=#{id}")
void update(User user);
@Delete("DELETE FROM user WHERE id=#{id}")
void deleteById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
7. 服务层
UserService.java
package com.example.service;
import com.example.dao.UserMapper;
import com.example.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
public User findById(Long id) {
return userMapper.findById(id);
}
public void save(User user) {
if (user.getId() == null) {
userMapper.insert(user);
} else {
userMapper.update(user);
}
}
public void deleteById(Long id) {
userMapper.deleteById(id);
}
}
8. 控制器
UserController.java
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping
public String listUsers(Model model) {
// 假设有一个方法可以获取所有用户
model.addAttribute("users", userService.findAll());
return "users/list";
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public String showUser(@PathVariable Long id, Model model) {
User user = userService.findById(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "users/show";
}
@GetMapping("/add")
public String showAddForm(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("user", new User());
return "users/add";
}
@PostMapping("/add")
public String addUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {
userService.save(user);
return "redirect:/users";
}
@GetMapping("/edit/{id}")
public String showEditForm(@PathVariable Long id, Model model) {
User user = userService.findById(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "users/edit";
}
@PostMapping("/edit/{id}")
public String editUser(@PathVariable Long id, @ModelAttribute User user) {
user.setId(id);
userService.save(user);
return "redirect:/users";
}
@GetMapping("/delete/{id}")
public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
userService.deleteById(id);
return "redirect:/users";
}
}
9. 视图层
list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>User List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>User List</h1>
<a href="/users/add">Add User</a>
<table>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
<tr th:each="user : ${users}">
<td th:text="${user.id}"></td>
<td th:text="${user.name}"></td>
<td th:text="${user.email}"></td>
<td>
<a th:href="@{/users/edit/{id}(id=${user.id})}">Edit</a>
<a th:href="@{/users/delete/{id}(id=${user.id})}">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
add.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Add User</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Add User</h1>
<form th:action="@{/users/add}" method="post">
<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required><br>
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required><br>
<button type="submit">Save</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
10. 部署
-
打包:使用Maven打包命令生成WAR文件。
mvn clean package
-
部署:将生成的WAR文件部署到Tomcat服务器。
- 将WAR文件复制到Tomcat的
webapps
目录。 - 启动Tomcat服务器。
- 将WAR文件复制到Tomcat的
11. 运行项目
- 启动Tomcat:确保Tomcat服务器正在运行。
- 访问应用:在浏览器中访问
http://localhost:8080/users
,你应该能看到用户列表页面。