Python with MySQL on Windows: 安装错误

在 Windows 上使用 Python 与 MySQL 时，可能会遇到以下错误：

$python manage.py dbshell
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 11, in <module>
    execute_manager(settings)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line
362, in execute_manager
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line
303, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 195,
 in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 222,
 in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 351,
 in handle
    return self.handle_noargs(**options)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\dbshell.py
", line 9, in handle_noargs
    from django.db import connection
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 41, in <modul
e>
    backend = load_backend(settings.DATABASE_ENGINE)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 17, in load_b
ackend
    return import_module('.base', 'django.db.backends.%s' % backend_name)
  File "C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\importlib.py", line 35, in im
port_module
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 13
, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No mo
dule named MySQLdb

2、解决方案

安装 MySQLdb 模块
- 下载 MySQLdb 模块：http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/
- 解压下载的压缩包
- 打开命令提示符，进入解压后的目录
- 运行以下命令：
```
python setup.py install
```
安装 setuptools 模块
- 下载 setuptools 模块：https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/
- 解压下载的压缩包
- 打开命令提示符，进入解压后的目录
- 运行以下命令：
```
python ez_setup.py
```
编译 MySQLdb 模块
- 打开命令提示符，进入 MySQLdb 模块的目录
- 运行以下命令：
```
python setup.py install
```
确保 Python 版本与编译器版本兼容
- 如果出现错误error: Python was built with Visual Studio 2003; extensions must be built with a compiler than can generate compatible binaries.，则需要使用与 Python 版本兼容的编译器来编译 MySQLdb 模块。
- 具体方法是，在 setup.py 文件中添加 -c mingw32 参数。例如：
```
python setup.py install -c mingw32
```

在 Django 项目中使用 MySQL

在 Django 项目的 settings.py 文件中，设置以下内容：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'my_database',
        'USER': 'my_username',
        'PASSWORD': 'my_password',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'OPTIONS': {
            'charset': 'utf8mb4',
            'use_unicode': True,
        },
    }
}

迁移数据库
- 运行以下命令来创建数据库表：
```
python manage.py migrate
```
测试数据库连接
- 运行以下命令来测试数据库连接：
```
python manage.py dbshell
```
如果出现以下提示，则表示数据库连接成功：
```
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Feb 21 2010, 01:24:15) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
```

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Python with MySQL on Windows: 安装错误

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