Clion下使用Vcpkg安装GDAL（还有部分错误解决办法，其他库可能也适用）

写在前面

​ 此贴用来记录我在Clion中使用Vcpkg安装GDAL时遇到的各种问题，希望能够帮到你。

配置CMake

​ 如果你报了类似的错：

CMake Error at scripts/cmake/vcpkg_execute_build_process.cmake:134 (message):
    Command failed: D:/Software/Inviwo/vcpkg/downloads/tools/msys2/09133458fed80fcb/usr/bin/make.exe -j 9 --trace -f Makefile all
    Working Directory: D:/Software/Inviwo/vcpkg/buildtrees/libiconv/x64-windows-dbg/
    See logs for more information:
      D:\Software\Inviwo\vcpkg\buildtrees\libiconv\build-x64-windows-dbg-out.log
      D:\Software\Inviwo\vcpkg\buildtrees\libiconv\build-x64-windows-dbg-err.log

Call Stack (most recent call first):
  scripts/cmake/vcpkg_build_make.cmake:136 (vcpkg_execute_build_process)
  scripts/cmake/vcpkg_install_make.cmake:2 (vcpkg_build_make)
  buildtrees/versioning_/versions/libiconv/4226589d5d658f4d96df83f8539de54dc57a5996/portfile.cmake:39 (vcpkg_install_make)
  scripts/ports.cmake:170 (include)

那么就是路径的问题了；

​ 首先得自己下载一个CMake，因为在后面Vcpkg编译GDAL的时候会有一个Bug，不能使用Clion自带的CMake，原因是Clion的安装路径中带有空格，我去Vcpkg的GitHub上找问题，开发团队说是CMake的安装路径中不能有空格，我的Clion安装路径 D:\dev\intellij\clion\CLion 2023.3.3\ ，太坑了；

CMake下载链接 : Download CMake 找一个适合的版本下载，并安装，记住安装位置；

​ 我除了自己安装了CMake以外，还安装了MinGW，给个下载地址吧：Releases · niXman/mingw-builds-binaries (github.com) 在GitHub上，

​ 记得下 x86_64 win32格式的，我这个是v11版本，你们可以根据喜好的版本选择格式类似的就行了，这是一个二进制文件，是编译好的，直接解压就能用了；

​ 安装完MinGw、CMake后，到Clion中进行配置，对了，我的Clion是装了中文包的：

其他不用管，就改CMake、MinGW就行；

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安装Vcpkg

​ Clion新建项目后在窗口的最底下应该有一个Vcpkg的选项：

​ 点击它，再点上面的＋号：

​ 会弹出这么一个对话框：

记得一定要勾选上；确定后会从GitHub上拉取，这一步没有科学上网的会稍慢，耐心等待；

​ 安装完成后会出现：

​ 搜索gdal：

​ 关键的一步来了，在三元组这里一定要选择 x64-windows，不能让vcpkg决定，不然可能会下载 x64-mingw-dynamic版本，那么后续就算成功安装，也无法在CMakeLists里面引入

​ 我之前就是让Vcpkg决定，然后在CMakeLists中一直无法引入GDAL，后来在CMake的 VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET参数中发现是 x64-windows

​ 因为我一开始下载的三元组是 x86-mingw-dynamic我尝试过在CMakeLists中加入

set(VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET x64-mingw-dynamic CACHE STRING "")

来和我安装时选的三元组一样，但是不生效；总之就是要让这里的 VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET和三元组里面选择的一样就行了；

最后选择安装，这里的时间较长，耐心等待，只要没有停下来并且报错，就一直等，因为是上GitHub上下载源，我开启了科学上网，安装过程大约在二十分钟至四十分钟左右；

最终如果出现：

-- Performing post-build validation
Stored binaries in 1 destinations in 2.9 s.
Elapsed time to handle gdal:x64-windows: 2.6 min
gdal:x64-windows package ABI: f058557b94360b0e8cd6481205a8c62381eb7e19cfa97786cef7ab7de434dcee
Total install time: 11 min
The package GDAL provides CMake targets:

    find_package(GDAL CONFIG REQUIRED)
    target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE GDAL::GDAL)

代表安装成功

如果出现：

CMake Error at scripts/cmake/vcpkg_download_distfile.cmake:32 (message):
      
      Failed to download file with error: 1
      If you are using a proxy, please check your proxy setting. Possible causes are:
      
      1. You are actually using an HTTP proxy, but setting HTTPS_PROXY variable
         to `https://address:port`. This is not correct, because `https://` prefix
         claims the proxy is an HTTPS proxy, while your proxy (v2ray, shadowsocksr
         , etc..) is an HTTP proxy. Try setting `http://address:port` to both
         HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY instead.
      
      2. If you are using Windows, vcpkg will automatically use your Windows IE Proxy Settings
         set by your proxy software. See https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg-tool/pull/77
         The value set by your proxy might be wrong, or have same `https://` prefix issue.
      
      3. Your proxy's remote server is out of service.
      
      If you've tried directly download the link, and believe this is not a temporary
      download server failure, please submit an issue at https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/issues
      to report this upstream download server failure.
      

Call Stack (most recent call first):
  scripts/cmake/vcpkg_download_distfile.cmake:270 (z_vcpkg_download_distfile_show_proxy_and_fail)
  ports/libspatialite/portfile.cmake:1 (vcpkg_download_distfile)
  scripts/ports.cmake:170 (include)


error: building libspatialite:x64-windows failed with: BUILD_FAILED
Elapsed time to handle libspatialite:x64-windows: 11 min
Please ensure you're using the latest port files with `git pull` and `vcpkg update`.
Then check for known issues at:
  https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+in%3Atitle+libspatialite
You can submit a new issue at:
  https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/issues/new?title=[libspatialite]+Build+error+on+x64-windows&body=Copy+issue+body+from+D%3A%2Fdev%2Fcmake%2Fvcpkg%2Finstalled%2Fvcpkg%2Fissue_body.md

再点击一次安装，这里是网络的问题，重新安装不会从头再来，只会从失败的地方继续；

如果是：

command:
"D:\dev\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -DVCPKG_ROOT_DIR=D:/dev/cmake/vcpkg -DPACKAGES_DIR=D:/dev/cmake/vcpkg/packages -DBUILDTREES_DIR=D:/dev/cmake/vcpkg/buildtrees -D_VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR=D:/dev/cmake/vcpkg/installed -DDOWNLOADS=D:/dev/cmake/vcpkg/downloads -DVCPKG_MANIFEST_INSTALL=OFF -P "D:\dev\cmake\vcpkg\buildtrees\0.vcpkg_dep_info.cmake"
failed with the following results:
CMake Error: Error processing file: D:\dev\cmake\vcpkg\buildtrees\0.vcpkg_dep_info.cmake
e\vcpkg\buildtrees\0.vcpkg_dep_info.cmake"
failed with the following results:
CMake Error: Error processing file: D:\dev\cmake\vcpkg\buildtrees\0.vcpkg_dep_info.cmake

同样的也是重新安装；

最后

打开 CMakeLists.txt加入：

find_package(GDAL CONFIG REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(gdal_test PRIVATE GDAL::GDAL)

就可以了；
测试：

#include <iostream>
#include "gdal.h"

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

没报错就ok；
​ 大概就是这样，如果之后遇到其他问题，我会继续更新这篇博客，如果你遇到的问题和我的不一样，请在评论区留言，我尽量帮；