qt基本部分控件用法(一)

前言:
以前 windows下做工具主要是MFC，趁有点空时间，研究了QT，感觉跟MFC 差不多，VS 比 QT CREATOR 还是强大，不过QT可以跨平台，功能更强大，MFC 只能在win平台下.；
1：环境
win10
Qt 6.8 LTS
Qt Creator 14.0.2
MINGW :13.1
download:https://download.qt.io/official_releases/online_installers/
选择 qt-unified-windows-x64-online.exe
2：安装
已经安装好了，真是吃硬盘，最少准备40G，用QT一定要用ssd，最差是sata3，最好是m2 pcie3及以上,512G起吧,IOPS 差用起来难受，
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3：常用控件
左边MFC(VS2022) 右边为 qt的

常用控件都差不多,会MFC，只要稍微熟悉了基本用法就OK了，常用控件都这样;

4：qt跟MFC 对比，注意事项
1> 创建工程
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qt 选择cmake(qmake,cmake,qbs) ，cmake 相对比较熟悉（linux下编译用到）
MFC 选择MFC应用

下面简单的做个DMO ，
几个button tableview menu dialog 等
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直接上代码
mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QButtonGroup>
#include <qitemselectionmodel.h>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui {
    
    
class MainWindow;
}
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    
    
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QButtonGroup * m_group1;

public slots:
    void ClickButton_previous(bool b);
    void ClickButton_previous2();
    void onBtnFunc(int n);
    void btnToggled(int,bool);
    void slotselectionChanged(const QItemSelection &selected, const QItemSelection &deselected);
    void receiveData(QString data);
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "./ui_mainwindow.h"
#include "dialog.h"

#include <QStandardItemModel>
#include <QStringListModel>
#include "mylistmodel.h"
#include "qlogging.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    
    
    ui->setupUi(this);
    //查找名为label_2的QLabel对象，并返回
    QLabel * re2=  findChild<QLabel*>("label1");
    re2->setText("test111");
 //   QAction * p = new QAction();
    // connect(newAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::onNewFile);
    //connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileNew()));
    // QAction
// public Q_SLOTS:
//     void trigger() { activate(Trigger); }
//     void hover() { activate(Hover); }
//     void setChecked(bool);
//     void toggle();
//     void setEnabled(bool);
//     void resetEnabled();
//     inline void setDisabled(bool b) { setEnabled(!b); }
//     void setVisible(bool);

// Q_SIGNALS:
//     void changed();
//     void enabledChanged(bool enabled);
//     void checkableChanged(bool checkable);
//     void visibleChanged();
//     void triggered(bool checked = false);
//     void hovered();
//     void toggled(bool);
    //SIGNAL SLOT 带参数要统一，不然找不到
    ///ok1
    // QMetaObject::Connection c1 = connect(ui->action111_111, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(ClickButton_previous(bool)));
    // if(c1 != NULL){
    
    
    //     qDebug("3333");
    // }
    //  QAction *newAction = new QAction(tr("&New"), this);
    //connect(newAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::onNewFile);
    ///ok2
    QMetaObject::Connection c1 = connect(ui->action111_111, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::ClickButton_previous);
    if (c1 != NULL){
    
    

    }
    //button
// public Q_SLOTS:
//     void setIconSize(const QSize &size);
//     void animateClick();
//     void click();
//     void toggle();
//     void setChecked(bool);

// Q_SIGNALS:
//     void pressed();
//     void released();
//     void clicked(bool checked = false);
//     void toggled(bool checked);
    QMetaObject::Connection c2 = connect(ui->pushButton1, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(ClickButton_previous2()));
    if(c2 != NULL){
    
    
        qDebug("3333");
    }

    connect(ui->pushButton2,&QPushButton::clicked,[=](){
    
    
       re2->setText("pushButton2");
    });

    //qradiobutton
    // 连接信号与槽函数
    m_group1 = new QButtonGroup(this);
    m_group1->addButton (ui->radioButton, 0);
    m_group1->addButton (ui->radioButton_2, 1);
    m_group1->setExclusive(true);

     //connect (m_group1, SIGNAL (buttonClicked(int)), this, SLOT(onBtnFunc(int)));
     connect (m_group1, SIGNAL(idToggled(int,bool)), this, SLOT(btnToggled(int,bool)));
   // connect(ui->radioButton, SIGNAL(idToggled(int,bool)), this, SLOT(btnToggled(int,bool)));
   // connect(ui->groupBox1, &QRadioButton::toggled, this, SLOT(btnToggled(int,bool)));
    QStandardItemModel *model= new QStandardItemModel();
    // 添加列头
    model->setHorizontalHeaderLabels(QStringList() << "Column 1" << "Column 2" << "Column 3");
     // 添加数据
     for (int row = 0; row < 10; ++row) {
    
    
         for (int col = 0; col < 3; ++col) {
    
    
             QStandardItem *item = new QStandardItem(QString("Row %1, Column %2").arg(row).arg(col));
             model->setItem(row, col, item);
         }
     }
     QTableView *tableView= ui->tableView1;
     tableView->setModel(model);

     tableView->setSelectionBehavior(QAbstractItemView::SelectRows);

     // 显示窗口
   //  tableView->show();
    //选择行事件
     //ok_1
     // QObject::connect(tableView->selectionModel(), &QItemSelectionModel::selectionChanged,
     //                  [&](const QItemSelection &selected, const QItemSelection &deselected){
    
    
     //                      QModelIndexList indexes = selected.indexes();
     //                      if (!indexes.isEmpty()) {
    
    
     //                          QModelIndex firstIndex = indexes.first();
     //                          qDebug() << "Row" << firstIndex.row() << "selected.";
     //                      }
     //                  });
 // public Q_SLOTS:
 //     virtual void setCurrentIndex(const QModelIndex &index, QItemSelectionModel::SelectionFlags command);
 //     virtual void select(const QModelIndex &index, QItemSelectionModel::SelectionFlags command);
 //     virtual void select(const QItemSelection &selection, QItemSelectionModel::SelectionFlags command);
 //     virtual void clear();
 //     virtual void reset();

 //     void clearSelection();
 //     virtual void clearCurrentIndex();

 // Q_SIGNALS:
 //     void selectionChanged(const QItemSelection &selected, const QItemSelection &deselected);
 //     void currentChanged(const QModelIndex &current, const QModelIndex &previous);
 //     void currentRowChanged(const QModelIndex &current, const QModelIndex &previous);
 //     void currentColumnChanged(const QModelIndex &current, const QModelIndex &previous);
 //     void modelChanged(QAbstractItemModel *model);
     //ok_2///
     connect(tableView->selectionModel(),&QItemSelectionModel::selectionChanged,this,&MainWindow::slotselectionChanged);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    
    
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::ClickButton_previous(bool b){
    
    
    QLabel * re2=  findChild<QLabel*>("label1");
    re2->setText("test2221");
    //click menu
    qDebug()<<"dialog top";
    Dialog dialog(this);
    //子窗口给父窗口发送消息
    //connect(sender, &SenderClass::signalName, receiver, &ReceiverClass::slotName);
    connect(&dialog, &Dialog::sendData,this,&MainWindow::receiveData);//连接信号与槽
    dialog.show(); //or connect(&child, &child::sendData,this,&MainWindow::receiveData);//连接信号与槽
    dialog.exec();  //以模态方式打开对话框（打开主窗口时不能使用主窗口）
}

void MainWindow::ClickButton_previous2(){
    
    
    QLabel * re2=  findChild<QLabel*>("label1");
    re2->setText("test3333");
}

void MainWindow::onBtnFunc(int n)
{
    
    
    quint16 a = m_group1->checkedId();
    QLabel * re2=  findChild<QLabel*>("label1");
    QString  q= "onBtnFunc"+QString::number(n);
    re2->setText(q);

}

void MainWindow::btnToggled(int n ,bool b){
    
    
    qDebug()<<n<<b;
    QLabel * re2=  findChild<QLabel*>("label1");
    QString  q= QString::number(n)+"onBtnFunc";
    re2->setText(q);
}
//
void MainWindow::slotselectionChanged(const QItemSelection &selected, const QItemSelection &deselected){
    
    
    QModelIndexList indexes = selected.indexes();
     if (!indexes.isEmpty()) {
    
    
         QModelIndex firstIndex = indexes.first();
         qDebug() << "Row" << firstIndex.row() << "selected.";
     }
}

void MainWindow::receiveData(QString data)//接收子窗口发送的数据
{
    
    
    qDebug()<<"recv dialog msg"<<data ;
}

dialog.h

#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H



#include <QDialog>

namespace Ui {
    
    
class Dialog;
}

class Dialog : public QDialog
{
    
    
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit Dialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Dialog();

private slots:
    void on_pushButton_clicked();
public :
    signals:
    void sendData(QString data); //点击发送时发送的QString型data信号 给 主窗口 

private:
    Ui::Dialog *ui;
};

#endif // DIALOG_H

dialog.cpp

#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"
#include <QObject>
// #define SIGNAL(arg) #arg
// #define SLOT(arg) #arg


Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)
    : QDialog(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
    
    
    ui->setupUi(this);
    connect(ui->pushButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::on_pushButton_clicked);
}

Dialog::~Dialog()
{
    
    
    delete ui;
}

void Dialog::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
    
    
    qDebug()<<"Dialog";
    emit sendData("Dialog"); //
}

connect(button, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(handleButtonClicked()));
connect(sender, &SenderClass::signalName, receiver, &ReceiverClass::slotName);
有重载函数时可以用 qOverload 指明
void do_click(bool b)
connect(sender, &SenderClass::signalName, this, qOverload(&Widget::do_click)); //函数里带参数bool b
void do_click()
connect(sender, &SenderClass::signalName, this, qOverload<>(&Widget::do_click));//函数里不带参数
一个信号可以连接多个slot
类试于 Observer Pattern（观察者模式）
connect(sender, &SenderClass::signalName, receiver1, &ReceiverClass1::slotName);
connect(sender, &SenderClass::signalName, receiver2, &ReceiverClass2::slotName);

5：测试结果
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6:如果觉得有用，麻烦点个赞，加个收藏
下章讲述 qml，感觉跟lua 类试，都可以相互调用

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