本次给大家整理的是《Sustainable Cities and Society》杂志2024年12月第117期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括54篇SCI论文！本次介绍第31-54篇
论文31
Effects of vertical greening on the thermal environment and energy consumption in different street canyons
不同街道峡谷中垂直绿化对热环境和能耗的影响
【摘要】
Vertical greening is vital for energy conservation and urban sustainability. However, previous studies have seldom considered the energy-saving effects of vertical greening within street canyons—an important representative urban model. This study employs ENVI-met and EnergyPlus to evaluate the energy savings of vertical greening in twelve typical street canyon scenarios with varying aspect ratios (H/W = 1, 2, 4) and orientations (North–South, East–West, Northeast–Southwest, Northwest–Southeast). We quantified the relative contributions of building surface temperature reduction (Δ Tse) and air temperature reduction (ΔTa) to overall energy efficiency. Remarkably, our findings reveal that Δ Tse accounts for over 97 % of the total energy-saving contribution—a novel insight contrasting with previous studies that emphasized combined impacts. Additionally, the results indicate that stronger solar radiation in street canyons leads to greater reductions in building surface temperatures. To achieve maximum daily energy savings, the optimal combinations of street orientation and aspect ratio are: North–South orientation when H/W = 1, Southwest–Northeast when H/W = 2, and Northwest–Southeast when H/W = 4. This study is among the first to quantify the combined effects of different street canyon configurations and vertical greening on urban energy savings, providing effective methodologies and new insights for implementing sustainable urban vertical greening.
【摘要翻译】
垂直绿化对于节能和城市可持续发展至关重要。然而，之前的研究很少考虑街道峡谷内垂直绿化的节能效果——这是一个重要的代表性城市模型。本研究采用ENVI-met和EnergyPlus评估了在十二种典型街道峡谷情景下，垂直绿化的节能效果，这些情景具有不同的纵横比（H/W = 1, 2, 4）和朝向（南北、东西、东北-西南、西北-东南）。我们量化了建筑表面温度降低（ΔTse）和空气温度降低（ΔTa）对整体能效的相对贡献。值得注意的是，研究发现ΔTse占总节能贡献的97%以上——这一新颖见解与以往强调综合影响的研究形成对比。此外，结果表明，街道峡谷中更强的太阳辐射会导致建筑表面温度更大的降低。为了实现每日最大的节能效果，街道朝向和纵横比的最佳组合为：H/W = 1时选择南北朝向，H/W = 2时选择西南-东北朝向，H/W = 4时选择西北-东南朝向。本研究是首批量化不同街道峡谷配置和垂直绿化对城市节能综合影响的研究之一，为实施可持续城市垂直绿化提供了有效的方法论和新的见解。
论文32
Multi-scale effects of LCZ and urban green infrastructure on diurnal land surface temperature dynamics
多尺度的LCZ（城市气候区）和城市绿色基础设施对昼夜地表温度动态的影响
【摘要】
The impact of urban green infrastructure (UGI) on land surface temperature (LST) has been widely discussed as a strategy to improve urban thermal environments. However, most studies have focused primarily on daytime conditions. Due to the limitations of polar-orbiting satellites like the Landsat series, the influence of UGI on LST over a 24-hour cycle remains unclear. To assess the relative influence and interdependence of UGI characteristics on LST across four different grid scales over the diurnal cycle, this study, conducted within Beijing's Fifth Ring Road during the summer, utilized a random forest (RF) regression model. The results indicate that: (1) UGI's impact on LST follows two distinct patterns: daytime (morning and afternoon) and non-daytime (night and dawn), which indicates the intensity of sunlight as a key driving factor; (2) tree landscape pattern indices are the most significant factors affecting LST; (3) during non-daytime periods (night and dawn), cropland's cooling effect is equally important as that of trees. These findings are valuable for prioritizing and strategically placing different types of UGI in urban planning. However, as this study focuses on a specific area, future research should include comparative studies in cities with different climatic conditions.
【摘要翻译】
城市绿色基础设施（UGI）对地表温度（LST）的影响已被广泛讨论，作为改善城市热环境的策略。然而，大多数研究主要集中在白天的条件下。由于像Landsat系列这样的极轨卫星的限制，UGI在24小时循环中对LST的影响仍不清楚。为了评估UGI特征在昼夜循环中对LST的相对影响及其相互依赖性，本研究在北京五环路内的夏季期间，采用随机森林（RF）回归模型。结果表明：(1) UGI对LST的影响遵循两种不同的模式：白天（上午和下午）和非白天（夜间和黎明），这表明阳光强度是一个关键的驱动因素；(2) 树木景观模式指数是影响LST的最重要因素；(3) 在非白天期间（夜间和黎明），农田的降温效果与树木同样重要。这些发现对于在城市规划中优先考虑和战略性布局不同类型的UGI具有重要价值。然而，由于本研究集中在特定区域，未来的研究应包括在不同气候条件下城市的比较研究。
论文33
Does every public open space (POS) contribute to sustainable city development? An assessment of inefficient POS in Beijing
每个公共开放空间（POS）是否都有助于可持续城市发展？北京低效POS的评估
【摘要】
Public open space (POS) plays a crucial role in influencing the urban environment, ecology, public health, and economic vitality. However, not every POS is being efficiently utilized, while the inefficient POSs occupy large areas and can negatively affect socio-economic development, thus posing a threat to sustainable city development. Existing studies evaluate POSs solely based on benefit outcomes, but ignore POS functional types and contextual environments. To address this issue, a categorized, integrated, and relative evaluation method, i.e., utilization efficiency (UE), is proposed to identify inefficient POSs, where essentially measures the ratio from benefit outcome to resource occupation of each POS. We firstly classify POSs into five types by considering their core functions, then measure their UEs to extract efficient and inefficient POS, and finally visualize key causes of different types of POS. Our results reveal 3,138 inefficient out of 10,943 POSs in Beijing, and show the inefficient POSs that are concentrated in the southern Beijing and northern regions between the 5th and 6th ring roads, mainly affected by local population density and environmental resource. Drawing on the features of inefficient POSs, it is suggested to increase small green spaces and sky gardens in the downtown areas, improve service facilities and basic tourism infrastructure in the suburbs. Accordingly, this study firstly incorporates POS functional types and resource occupation into the utilization efficiency evaluation, providing spatial optimization recommendations of POSs to facilitate sustainable city development.
【摘要翻译】
公共开放空间（POS）在影响城市环境、生态、公共健康和经济活力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，并非所有的POS都得到了高效利用，而低效的POS占据了大片区域，可能对社会经济发展产生负面影响，从而威胁到可持续城市的发展。现有研究仅基于收益结果来评估POS，而忽略了POS的功能类型和背景环境。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种分类、综合和相对的评估方法，即利用效率（UE），用于识别低效的POS，实质上衡量每个POS的收益结果与资源占用的比率。我们首先根据POS的核心功能将其分类为五种类型，然后测量其UE以提取高效和低效的POS，最后可视化不同类型POS的主要原因。结果显示，北京市10,943个POS中有3,138个低效POS，这些低效POS主要集中在北京南部和第五、第六环路之间的北部地区，主要受当地人口密度和环境资源的影响。根据低效POS的特征，建议在市中心增加小型绿地和空中花园，改善郊区的服务设施和基本旅游基础设施。因此，本研究首次将POS功能类型和资源占用纳入利用效率评估，为促进可持续城市发展提供了POS空间优化的建议。
论文34
The impact of agglomeration on CO2 emissions in China's transport sector: A spatial econometric analysis
集聚对中国交通运输部门二氧化碳排放的影响：空间计量经济学分析
【摘要】
The long-term processes of urbanization and industrialization have led to the agglomeration of population and industry, fostering economic development while introducing opportunities and challenges for carbon reduction in transport. This paper integrates the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology Model with the Spatial Durbin Model to assess the effects of population agglomeration and industrial agglomeration on transport carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical results show that a 1% increase in population agglomeration decreases local transport carbon dioxide emissions by 1.7065% and generates a spillover effect of 1.0542% in surrounding areas. In contrast, industrial agglomeration increases regional transport carbon dioxide emissions by an average of 0.3308% without significant spillover effects. Furthermore, economic agglomeration exhibits an N-shaped relationship with transport carbon dioxide emissions, reflecting the dual influences of the "economic effect" and the "congestion effect". Mechanism analysis reveals that both types of agglomeration can modulate the impact of infrastructure development on transport carbon dioxide emissions, suggesting that effective infrastructure planning can help alleviate the negative environmental impacts. This study provides a spatial mode for understanding the synergistic effects of population planning, industrial development, and environmental improvement, offering significant reference value for policymakers in the decision-making related to low-carbon transport development.
【摘要翻译】
长期的城市化和工业化过程导致了人口和产业的集聚，促进了经济发展，同时也为交通部门的碳减排带来了机遇和挑战。本文将基于人口、富裕度和技术回归的随机影响模型（Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology Model）与空间杜宾模型（Spatial Durbin Model）相结合，以评估人口集聚和产业集聚对交通二氧化碳排放的影响。实证结果显示，人口集聚增加1%会使本地交通二氧化碳排放减少1.7065%，并在周边地区产生1.0542%的溢出效应。相比之下，产业集聚平均增加0.3308%的区域交通二氧化碳排放，且没有显著的溢出效应。此外，经济集聚与交通二氧化碳排放呈N型关系，反映了“经济效应”和“拥堵效应”的双重影响。机制分析表明，这两种集聚类型都能调节基础设施发展对交通二氧化碳排放的影响，提示有效的基础设施规划有助于缓解负面的环境影响。本研究提供了一种空间模型，以理解人口规划、产业发展和环境改善的协同效应，为政策制定者在低碳交通发展相关决策中提供了重要的参考价值。
论文35
Decarbonisation of the Basque Country residential stock by a holistic enviro-economic assessment of renovation strategies under the life cycle thinking for climate risk mitigation
通过生命周期思维下全面的环境经济评估翻新策略实现巴斯克地区住宅存量的脱碳化以缓解气候风险
【摘要】
The present study introduces a novel methodological decarbonisation evaluation for the Basque Country (northern Spain) residential building stock with a bottom-up approach. The investigation relies on the need to develop detailed roadmaps towards decarbonising the residential stock, as demanded by the European Union (EU). Besides, the residential stock decarbonisation evaluation presents several challenges, such as the effective integration of the life cycle thinking (LCT), the diversity of building typologies, the performance gap caused by occupant behaviour and economic uncertainty. The research is based on evaluating renovation strategies in multiple residential scenarios by a complete level buildings performance simulation (BPS) and the enviro-economic evaluation with LCT. For that, we employ the tool PARARENOVATE-LCT. As a result, the bottom-up approach identifies optimal renovation scenarios for each building typology. Secondly, we set different decarbonisation scenarios, where most archetypes require active renovation strategies to reach a deep decarbonisation degree. Thirdly, we develop phased decarbonisation plans by prioritizing archetypes with the highest decarbonisation potential. This way, the plans allow a linear reduction of global warming potential (GWP) with a limited renovation rate and investment in the first stages with an increasing trend, enabling the adaptation of industry and administration.
【摘要翻译】
本研究采用自下而上的方法，对巴斯克地区（西班牙北部）的住宅建筑存量进行了一种新颖的方法论性脱碳化评估。研究基于欧洲联盟（EU）对住宅存量脱碳化提出的制定详细路线图的需求。此外，住宅存量脱碳化评估面临诸多挑战，例如生命周期思维（LCT）的有效整合、建筑类型的多样性、由居民行为和经济不确定性导致的性能差距。研究通过在多个住宅情景下评估翻新策略，结合完整层级的建筑性能模拟（BPS）和基于生命周期思维的环境经济评估。为此，我们采用了PARARENOVATE-LCT工具。结果表明，自下而上的方法为每种建筑类型确定了最优的翻新情景。其次，我们设定了不同的脱碳化情景，其中大多数原型需要积极的翻新策略以实现深度脱碳化。第三，我们通过优先考虑具有最高脱碳潜力的原型，制定了分阶段的脱碳化计划。这样，这些计划在初期阶段以有限的翻新速度和投资，实现全球变暖潜能（GWP）的线性减少，并呈现出逐步增加的趋势，从而促进了行业和管理部门的适应。
论文36
Expediting decarbonization in energy, waste, and water sector through digitalization in sustainable smart cities (SSC): Case-studies in Malaysia and China based on Industry 5.0 paradigm
通过可持续智能城市（SSC）中的数字化加速能源、废物和水务部门的脱碳化：基于工业5.0范式的马来西亚和中国案例研究
【摘要】
This work explores the application of Industry 5.0 principles in smart cities development in Malaysia and China, focusing on digital transformation for sustainable urban development. The study presents case-studies from both the countries, highlighting the implementation strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with integrating advanced technologies to enhance efficiency, climate resilience, and sustainability. This study aims to develop a data-driven methodology to address the absence of region-specific frameworks for sustainable smart cities (SSCs) and to evaluate their impacts. In Malaysia, the implementation of smart energy management systems that utilize IoT and AI has shown promise in reducing carbon footprints and maximizing resource efficiency. China's focus on smart water management using sensor networks and real-time data analytics provides insights into effective water conservation. Smart waste management systems have increased recycling rates by 20–30 %. Progress is crucial for the region's pursuit of SSCs to reach a global investment of USD 2.5 trillion by 2025. This work concludes by discussing the implications of this work in both countries to achieve sustainable urbanization through Industry 5.0 technologies. This work offers recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and technologists to navigate the complexities of smart city development, while providing a roadmap to leverage digital transformation to achieve decarbonization goals in energy, waste and water sector by 2060.
【摘要翻译】
本研究探讨了工业5.0原则在马来西亚和中国智能城市发展中的应用，重点关注数字化转型以实现可持续的城市发展。研究展示了来自两国的案例研究，突出了整合先进技术以提升效率、气候韧性和可持续性的实施策略、挑战和成果。本研究旨在开发一种数据驱动的方法，以弥补可持续智能城市（SSC）区域特定框架的缺失，并评估其影响。在马来西亚，利用物联网（IoT）和人工智能（AI）的智能能源管理系统的实施在减少碳足迹和最大化资源效率方面显示出良好前景。中国专注于使用传感器网络和实时数据分析的智能水管理为有效的水资源保护提供了见解。智能废物管理系统使回收率提高了20–30%。这些进展对于该地区追求SSC以在2025年实现全球2.5万亿美元投资目标至关重要。本文最后讨论了该研究在两国通过工业5.0技术实现可持续城市化的意义。该研究为政策制定者、城市规划者和技术专家提供了建议，以应对智能城市发展中的复杂性，同时提供了一条利用数字化转型在能源、废物和水务部门实现脱碳目标（到2060年）的路线图。
论文37
The mitigating effect of green Space's spatial and temporal patterns on the urban heat island in the context of urban densification: A case study of Xi'an
绿地空间的时空模式在城市密集化背景下对城市热岛效应的缓解作用：以西安为例
【摘要】
Growing evidence highlights a strong link between urban densification and urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, there is a lack of research on time-based analyses of urban green space spatial patterns using urban densification indices to mitigate UHI effects. Addressing this gap, this study focuses on the central district of Xi'an, utilizing urban density data, MODIS LST products, and Landsat series imagery. The Coordination Coupling Degree Model (CCDM) is applied to longitudinally assess the mitigating effects of urban green space spatial patterns on UHI under different scales of spatial densification. The CCDM results show a significant overall improvement in the coordination coupling degree between green space spatial indices and LST in Xi'an's central district from 2013 to 2023. However, variations across administrative districts suggest that regional planning policies have differentially influenced green space patterns and UHI effects over time. Furthermore, a global negative correlation between the urban densification index and changes in the coordination coupling degree indicates that continued urbanization in Xi'an's central district could exacerbate the urban thermal environment. This study provides valuable insights into green space planning and UHI mitigation strategies in the context of urban densification.
【摘要翻译】
越来越多的证据表明，城市密集化与城市热岛（UHI）效应之间存在紧密联系。然而，利用城市密集化指数对城市绿地空间模式进行时间性分析以缓解UHI效应的研究仍然不足。为填补这一空白，本研究以西安市中心区为研究对象，利用城市密度数据、MODIS地表温度（LST）产品和Landsat系列影像。应用协调耦合度模型（CCDM）纵向评估在不同空间密集化规模下，城市绿地空间模式对UHI的缓解效果。CCDM结果显示，2013年至2023年期间，西安市中心区绿地空间指标与LST之间的协调耦合度总体上显著提升。然而，不同行政区之间的差异表明，区域规划政策随着时间的推移对绿地模式和UHI效应产生了不同程度的影响。此外，城市密集化指数与协调耦合度变化之间存在整体负相关关系，表明西安市中心区的持续城市化可能加剧城市热环境。本研究为城市密集化背景下的绿地规划和UHI缓解策略提供了有价值的见解。
论文38
Improving thermal comfort using personalized local conditioning: A large-scale retrospective questionnaire survey conducted during a heatwave in China
通过个性化局部调节改善热舒适度：中国热浪期间进行的大规模回顾性问卷调查
【摘要】
The increasingly frequent heatwaves caused by global warming indicate that more energy consumption is required to maintain individuals' thermal comfort and health. Understanding how to utilize local conditioning for optimizing conditioning devices and creating a comfortable environment is crucial. Due to variations in individuals' adaptability to their surroundings, people from different climatic zones exhibit different needs for environmental conditioning. Current research findings in built environments have not adequately explained how individuals in various climatic zones use local conditioning to meet these diverse thermal needs. Therefore, it is highly important to conduct quantitative research on individuals' willingness to use local conditioning and their preferences across different climatic zones. To address this issue, a retrospective survey of 2,247 participants across five climate zones in China was conducted over a two-month period. The results revealed that many participants chose to use local conditioning to further improve thermal comfort, even if they initially felt comfortable. Participants from the severe cold and cold zones preferred water-cooled fans and floor fans, whereas floor fans were the preferred choice in other zones. Price and convenience were the main factors considered when selecting local conditioning devices (average composite score > 7). Differences in the methods, duration, parameter settings, placement of local conditioning, and regulated body parts varied among participants from the five climate zones. These results aid in improving our understanding of thermal comfort and health in high-temperature environments during summer.
【摘要翻译】
全球变暖导致的热浪日益频繁，表明需要更多的能源消耗来维持个体的热舒适度和健康。了解如何利用局部调节来优化调节设备并创造舒适环境至关重要。由于个体对周围环境的适应能力存在差异，不同气候区的人们对环境调节的需求也各不相同。目前，建筑环境中的研究成果尚未充分解释不同气候区的个体如何使用局部调节来满足这些多样化的热需求。因此，开展关于个体在不同气候区使用局部调节的意愿及其偏好的定量研究显得尤为重要。为解决这一问题，本研究在中国五个气候区对2,247名参与者进行了为期两个月的回顾性调查。结果显示，许多参与者选择使用局部调节设备以进一步提升热舒适度，即使他们最初已经感到舒适。来自严寒和寒冷区的参与者更倾向于使用水冷风扇和落地扇，而其他气候区的参与者则偏好使用落地扇。价格和便利性是选择局部调节设备时考虑的主要因素（平均综合得分 > 7）。来自五个气候区的参与者在使用方法、持续时间、参数设置、局部调节设备的放置位置以及调节的身体部位等方面存在差异。这些结果有助于加深我们对夏季高温环境下热舒适度和健康状况的理解。
论文39
Can transportation networks contribute to the sustainable development of urban agglomeration spatial structures?
交通网络能否促进城市群空间结构的可持续发展？
【摘要】
The advancements in global urbanisation have significantly elevated the configuration of transportation networks for the sustainable development of urban agglomeration spatial structures (UASS). Using a comprehensive panel dataset covering 140 counties and districts in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle from 2014 to 2023, this study empirically examines the impact of transportation networks on the sustainability of UASS. It elucidates the underlying mechanisms using spatial Durbin, spatial spillover and multiple mediation effect models. The findings reveal that transportation networks considerably enhance the sustainability of UASS and generate substantial positive spatial spillover effects. The decay boundary of the spatial spillover effects exhibits a transition from positive to negative, eventually approaching ineffectiveness. The heterogeneity analysis indicates significant variations in terms of transportation network expansion and regional functional division on the sustainability of UASS across regions with various levels of economic development. This outcome suggests that regional development policies should carefully consider regional economic development disparities. The mechanism analysis further reveals that transportation networks enable the sustainability of UASS by accelerating regional hierarchical systems and regional connectivity.
【摘要翻译】
全球城市化进程的推进显著提升了交通网络的配置，以实现城市群空间结构（UASS）的可持续发展。基于涵盖成都-重庆经济圈140个县区的2014年至2023年综合面板数据，本研究实证检验了交通网络对UASS可持续性的影响。研究采用空间杜宾模型、空间溢出效应模型和多重中介效应模型阐明了其潜在机制。研究结果表明，交通网络显著提升了UASS的可持续性，并产生了大量的正向空间溢出效应。空间溢出效应的衰减边界表现出从正向到负向的转变，最终趋于无效。异质性分析显示，交通网络扩展和区域功能划分对不同经济发展水平区域的UASS可持续性存在显著差异。这一结果表明，区域发展政策应谨慎考虑区域经济发展的不平衡性。机制分析进一步揭示，交通网络通过加速区域层级系统和区域连通性，促进了UASS的可持续性。
论文40
Modeling the evolution of community structure by the dynamic network analysis: Sustainability transition in Kyoto Eco-School Districts, Japan
通过动态网络分析对社区结构演变的建模：日本京都生态学校区的可持续转型
【摘要】
Sustainability transition increasingly relies on local institutional settings and community-based efforts where local agencies play pivotal roles. A significant gap lies in understanding the dynamic interplay among community-based organizations over time that shape evolving strategic collaborations in different stages to drive local institutional change. This study adopts a dynamic network approach to map the evolving community structure, identify key organizations, and detect collaboration patterns among local actors by the case study of Kyoto, Japan. Furthermore, it explores the influence of significant events and policies on the network evolution. The study uncovers three main findings. Firstly, a three-stage evolution of the local network is concluded that presents incremental change towards an expanding, decentralized community structure, forming collaborative governance. Secondly, five collaboration patterns and their dynamics are revealed, reflecting evolving strategic alliances that play different roles in leveraging resources throughout the process. Thirdly, the effects of policies and events on the network are well reflected and explained through matching the time series data. The Kyoto case uncovers hidden community dynamics that illuminate local pathways to sustainable practices, offering guidance for policymaking and practices that resonate more broadly with globally relevant contexts.
【摘要翻译】
可持续转型日益依赖于地方制度环境和社区基础的努力，其中地方机构扮演着关键角色。目前存在的一个重大缺口在于缺乏对社区基础组织之间随时间动态相互作用的理解，这些相互作用塑造了不同阶段中不断演变的战略合作，以推动地方制度变革。本研究采用动态网络方法，通过以日本京都为案例，绘制不断发展的社区结构，识别关键组织，并检测地方行为者之间的合作模式。此外，研究还探讨了重大事件和政策对网络演变的影响。研究发现了三个主要结果。首先，得出地方网络的三阶段演变，表现出向扩展的、去中心化的社区结构逐步变化，形成协作治理。其次，揭示了五种合作模式及其动态，反映出不断演变的战略联盟在整个过程中发挥不同的资源杠杆作用。第三，通过匹配时间序列数据，政策和事件对网络的影响得到了充分反映和解释。京都案例揭示了隐藏的社区动态，阐明了通往可持续实践的地方路径，为政策制定和实践提供了指导，这些指导在全球相关背景下具有更广泛的共鸣。
论文41
A two-stage coordinated restoration scheme of hybrid AC/DC distribution grid considering cold load pickup and resilience enhancement
考虑冷负荷回弹和弹性增强的混合交流/直流配电网的两阶段协调恢复方案
【摘要】
The ever-increasingly severe weather events have elevated the quest for resilience in distribution grids. Cold load pickup (CLPU), a common occurrence in buildings with thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), generates a significant peak power demand when loads restart. With widespread TCLs distribution, the restoration speed and power level could be impacted by the conventional grid restoration scheme due to limited distribution generator (DG) capability and power supply paths. In this context, this paper proposes a two-stage coordinated restoration scheme based on the novel hybrid AC/DC distribution grid, encompassing the grid configuration level, information interaction level, and designed restoration flow. The typical delayed exponential model is used to characterize CLPU properties during extended outages. In the 1st stage, the contained coordinated restoration strategy decides the optimal load restoration sequence with CLPU concerned. Then, the grid loss optimization is carried out in stage 2 to generate the proper power reference for DGs and voltage source converters (VSCs) of hybrid grids. In case studies, four types of heterogeneous buildings with varied CLPU characteristics are deployed in the analyzed grid. It is verified that the proposed scheme could make effective aggregation and dispatching for multiple DGs, achieving an additional 11.3 h of total load support, a 16.5 % increase of DG utilization and an 11.7 % enhancement of the resilience index compared to the conventional restoration scheme. Furthermore, this scheme demonstrates adaptability for resilience improvement under varied temperatures and fault locations.
【摘要翻译】
日益严重的天气事件提升了配电网对韧性的需求。冷负荷恢复（CLPU）是具有恒温控制负荷（TCLs）的建筑中常见的现象，当负荷重新启动时会产生显著的峰值电力需求。由于配电生成器（DG）的能力和电源路径有限，传统的电网恢复方案可能会影响恢复速度和功率水平，尤其是在TCLs广泛分布的情况下。在此背景下，本文提出了一种基于新型混合交流/直流（AC/DC）配电网的两阶段协调恢复方案，包括电网配置层、信息交互层和设计的恢复流程。典型的延迟指数模型被用于描述长时间停电期间CLPU的特性。在第一阶段，包含的协调恢复策略决定了考虑CLPU的最佳负荷恢复顺序。然后，在第二阶段进行电网损耗优化，以为混合电网的DG和电压源转换器（VSCs）生成适当的电力参考。在案例研究中，分析的电网中部署了四种具有不同CLPU特性的异构建筑。结果验证了所提方案能够对多个DG进行有效的聚合和调度，与传统恢复方案相比，总负荷支持时间增加了11.3小时，DG利用率提高了16.5%，韧性指数提升了11.7%。此外，该方案在不同温度和故障位置下表现出适应性，能够提升韧性。
论文42
Data augmented planning: A data-driven approach to measuring-understanding-optimizing green justice across 263 Chinese cities
数据增强规划：一种数据驱动的方法，用于测量、理解和优化中国263个城市的绿色正义
【摘要】
Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are pivotal in fostering sustainable urban environments, with disparities in access to UGS raising concerns about 'green justice'. Existing research often focuses on the socioeconomic influences on green justice, overlooking the role of urban green planning and design. To address this, we evaluated green justice levels across 263 Chinese cities using extensive geospatial data and explainable machine learning techniques. Our findings highlight a significant relationship between the planar configuration of UGS and green justice. Notably, these associations are non-linear, showing threshold effects where certain UGS characteristics beyond specific values can adversely affect green justice. The study also identifies interaction effects among these spatial characteristics. Our results offer practical guidelines for urban planning to enhance green justice, especially in China's large cities. Recommendations include optimizing green space morphology and proximity, and reconfiguring the layout of various green spaces. This research provides valuable insights and strategies for promoting green justice, particularly in densely populated cities in developing nations like China.
【摘要翻译】
城市绿地（UGS）在促进可持续城市环境方面具有关键作用，然而，绿地获取的差异引发了“绿色正义”方面的担忧。现有研究通常关注社会经济因素对绿色正义的影响，忽视了城市绿地规划和设计的作用。为了解决这一问题，我们利用广泛的地理空间数据和可解释的机器学习技术，评估了中国263个城市的绿色正义水平。研究结果突显了城市绿地平面配置与绿色正义之间的显著关系。值得注意的是，这些关联具有非线性特征，表现出阈值效应，即某些绿地特性超过特定值后会对绿色正义产生不利影响。研究还识别了这些空间特性之间的交互效应。我们的结果为城市规划提供了实用指南，以增强绿色正义，特别是在中国的大城市中。建议包括优化绿地形态和邻近性，以及重新配置各种绿地的布局。本研究为促进绿色正义，尤其是在像中国这样人口密集的发展中国家城市中，提供了宝贵的见解和策略。
论文43
Monitoring changes in walkability over time: An environmental exposure change detection framework with implications for equity and social justice
随时间监测可步行性变化：一种环境暴露变化检测框架及其对公平与社会正义的影响
【摘要】
Evidence suggests that walkability and greenspace impact travel related activity patterns and vehicle emissions which affect sustainability, public health, and equity. Resulting levels of physical activity, active, or sedentary travel time impact obesity, diabetes, and heart disease which impact COVID-19 mortality. It is now possible to track changes in locally controlled land use characteristics known to impact sustainability and health. This information can provide decisionmakers with feedback required to spatially prioritize and better link state and nationally funded transportation investments with locally sanctioned land use actions. Linking the achievement of established benchmarks of health equity-based indicators with funding establishes a more performance-based approach connecting land use with transportation investment. This study longitudinally tracks neighborhood-level walkability features at the census tract level for 2013 and 2020 for the entire USA. Longitudinal volatility-based change detection models are developed to examine how changes in walkability over time correlate with racialization and social justice. Walkability tends to increase over time with significant variations across metro regions and the urban-rural continuum. Largest and smallest increases in walkability were observed in Western Pacific and Northwest states, respectively. Increased racial and social justice disparities were observed in access to more walkable infrastructure by marginalized populations (such as less-educated, older, unemployed, and black individuals). Significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of walkability was observed, over the variation captured by observed sociodemographic, regional, and urban/rural factors. The findings highlight the potential for an “environmental surveillance” system to support a “performance-based” approach to transportation funding that prioritizes resource allocation consistent with Justice40 and United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
【摘要翻译】
证据表明，步行友好性和绿地影响与出行相关的活动模式和车辆排放，这些因素进一步影响可持续性、公共健康和公平性。由此产生的身体活动水平、主动或久坐的出行时间影响肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病，这些健康问题又影响COVID-19的死亡率。现在，可以追踪已知影响可持续性和健康的本地控制土地使用特征的变化。这些信息可以为决策者提供所需的反馈，以在空间上优先考虑并更好地将州和国家资助的交通投资与本地批准的土地使用行动联系起来。将既定的基于健康公平指标的基准达成情况与资金相结合，建立了一种更基于绩效的方法，将土地使用与交通投资连接起来。本研究对2013年和2020年全美国普查区级别的邻里步行友好特征进行了纵向跟踪。开发了基于纵向波动性的变化检测模型，以检查步行友好性随时间变化如何与种族化和社会正义相关联。步行友好性随着时间的推移呈现上升趋势，并在大都市地区和城乡连续体上表现出显著差异。西太平洋和西北部州的步行友好性增加最大和最小，分别。在边缘化群体（如教育程度较低、年长、失业和黑人个体）中，获得更步行友好基础设施的种族和社会正义差距有所增加。步行友好性的空间分布显示出显著的异质性，超过了观察到的社会人口、区域和城乡因素的变化。研究结果突显了“环境监测”系统支持“基于绩效”的交通资金方法的潜力，该方法优先分配资源，与Justice40和联合国可持续发展目标一致。
论文44
Can smart cities improve energy resilience? Evidence from 229 cities in China
智慧城市能提高能源弹性吗？来自中国229个城市的证据
【摘要】
Energy security is a crucial component of national economic stability and growth. Given current technological limitations, improving management strategies is essential for safeguarding energy resources. Digital technologies play a pivotal role in enhancing management efficiency, thus contributing to energy security. As a key element of modernization, smart cities leverage digital solutions to drive urban development and have the potential to catalyze an energy revolution. Nevertheless, the relationship between energy security and smart cities remains underexplored, creating gaps in policy-making and implementation. This study, leveraging the smart city pilot policies enacted in 2012, 2013, and 2015, utilizes a sample of 229 prefecture-level cities covering the period from 2010 to 2020. Employing the Propensity Score Matched Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) model, the research assesses smart city policies’ impact on energy resilience. The results show that smart city policies significantly enhance energy resilience through three separate pathways: optimizing resource allocation, upgrading industrial structure, and promoting technological progress. Notably, smart city polices have more beneficial effects on the city characterized by low fiscal expenditure, being populous, resource-based, having high human capital, and being located in eastern region. This study aids in the improvement and promotion of smart city policies, thereby enhancing energy resilience and achieving sustainable urban development.
【摘要翻译】
能源安全是国家经济稳定与增长的关键组成部分。鉴于当前的技术限制，改善管理策略对于保障能源资源至关重要。数字技术在提高管理效率方面发挥着关键作用，从而有助于能源安全。作为现代化的一个重要元素，智慧城市利用数字解决方案推动城市发展，并有潜力催生能源革命。然而，能源安全与智慧城市之间的关系仍未得到充分探讨，导致政策制定和实施中存在空白。本研究利用2012年、2013年和2015年实施的智慧城市试点政策，选取了涵盖2010年至2020年期间的229个地级市作为样本。通过采用倾向得分匹配差分中的差分（PSM-DID）模型，评估智慧城市政策对能源韧性的影响。研究结果显示，智慧城市政策通过三条独立路径显著增强了能源韧性：优化资源配置、升级产业结构和促进技术进步。值得注意的是，智慧城市政策对财政支出低、人口众多、资源型、高人力资本以及位于东部地区的城市具有更显著的积极影响。本研究有助于改进和推广智慧城市政策，从而增强能源韧性，实现可持续的城市发展。
论文45
Assessing urban morphology's impact on solar potential of high-rise facades in Hong Kong using machine learning: An application for FIPV optimization
利用机器学习评估城市形态对香港高层建筑立面太阳能潜力的影响：用于FIPV优化的应用
【摘要】
The relationship between solar potential on building façade and urban morphology at urban scale remains unclear, and the design of façade integrated photovoltaic (FIPV) lacks evidence. This study investigates high-rise, high-density commercial districts in Hong Kong (HK), using Random Forest algorithm combined with the SHapley Additive exPlanations method to assess the importance of urban morphology on solar irradiance on building facades. The results indicate that plot ratio, building floor, building density, and perimeter shape factor are the four key parameters influencing solar irradiance, with the importance rate and contribution value of the four parameters reach 43.9 % and 48.7 %, respectively. Based on these parameters and actual urban blocks in HK, typical urban typologies were constructed. Four scenarios were generated with plot ratio as the control parameter. The positions, amounts, and transparency of PV glass on the south and east facades were optimized to minimize the payback period and maximize power generation, using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II algorithm. The south façade of Scenario 1 (when the heights of surrounding buildings are lower than that of the targeted building) obtained the optimal payback period (8.44 years) and power generation (55961 kWh), with 77 opaque PV panels and 49 semi-transparent ones.
【摘要翻译】
建筑立面上的太阳能潜力与城市尺度上的城市形态之间的关系尚不清楚，且立面集成光伏（FIPV）的设计缺乏实证依据。本研究采用随机森林算法结合Shapley加法解释方法，评估城市形态对香港（HK）高层高密度商业区建筑立面太阳辐射的重要性。结果表明，容积率、建筑层数、建筑密度和周长形状因子是影响太阳辐射的四个关键参数，这四个参数的重要性率和贡献值分别达到43.9%和48.7%。基于这些参数和香港的实际城市街区，构建了典型的城市类型。以容积率为控制参数生成了四种情景。使用非支配排序遗传算法 II 对南立面和东立面上的光伏玻璃的位置、数量和透明度进行了优化，以最小化回收期并最大化发电量。情景1（当周围建筑物的高度低于目标建筑物时）的南立面获得了最佳回收期（8.44年）和发电量（55961千瓦时），配置了77块不透明光伏板和49块半透明光伏板。
论文46
Drone Photogrammetry-based Wind Field Simulation for Climate Adaptation in Urban Environments
基于无人机摄影测量的城市环境气候适应风场模拟
【摘要】
Addressing climate change issues is one of the most important tasks within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Accurate and efficient simulation of wind fields within cities is essential for climate adaptation. Traditional simplified geometric model-based wind flow simulation can lead to significant errors, affecting the ability to develop effective urban climate strategies. This study addresses this limitation by introducing a novel workflow that leverages drone photogrammetry, deep learning, and geometric complexity quantification to create highly detailed 3D models of in-use building clusters within cities. These models are subsequently used for computational fluid dynamics simulations to accurately predict urban wind fields. The proposed method was validated on three real-world building clusters. Compared to traditional footprint extrusion models, the proposed method demonstrates an average error reduction of 29.2% in large eddy simulation cases and 17.6% in steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations cases. Meanwhile, the proposed model improved computational efficiency by an average of 33.7% in large eddy simulations compared to the flashy oblique photography model. The proposed method provides a balanced model of accuracy and efficiency for urban flow simulations. It has the potential to be incorporated into computational fluid dynamics best practice guidelines, thereby promoting the development of climate-resilient cities.
【摘要翻译】
应对气候变化问题是联合国可持续发展目标中最重要的任务之一。城市内风场的准确高效模拟对于气候适应至关重要。传统的基于简化几何模型的风流模拟可能导致显著误差，影响制定有效的城市气候策略的能力。本研究通过引入一种新颖的工作流程，结合无人机摄影测量、深度学习和几何复杂度量化，解决了这一局限性，以创建城市中正在使用的建筑群的高详细度三维模型。这些模型随后用于计算流体动力学模拟，以准确预测城市风场。所提出的方法在三个实际建筑群上进行了验证。与传统的足迹挤压模型相比，所提出的方法在大涡模拟案例中平均误差降低了29.2%，在稳态雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程案例中降低了17.6%。与此同时，与炫目的斜摄影模型相比，所提出的模型在大涡模拟中的计算效率平均提高了33.7%。该方法为城市流动模拟提供了准确性与效率的平衡模型，具有纳入计算流体动力学最佳实践指南的潜力，从而促进气候韧性城市的发展。
论文47
Spatiotemporal Estimation of Black Carbon Concentration in Tehran Using Aerosol Optical Depth Remote Sensing Data and Meteorological Parameters: Health Risk Assessment and Relationship with Green Spaces
使用气溶胶光学厚度遥感数据和气象参数对德黑兰黑碳浓度的时空估计：健康风险评估与绿地关系
【摘要】
Black Carbon (BC) is an atmospheric pollutant with considerable adverse effects on human health, increasing the chance of cardiovascular disorders, respiratory issues, and cancers in exposed individuals. Accordingly, studying BC in urban areas is essential for understanding its associated health risks. In this study, the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), along with in situ observations of BC concentration and meteorological parameters were utilized to estimate BC concentration in Tehran. In this regard, an ensemble machine learning algorithm, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), was employed to estimate BC concentration from 2010 to 2021, enabling a spatiotemporal analysis of BC levels in Tehran. Subsequently, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of BC on children and adults were examined, as well as its relationship to urban green spaces. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Adjusted R-squared (R2adj), values for BC estimation ranged from 0.80 to 1.59 μg/m3, 0.59 to 1.10 μg/m3, and 0.70 to 0.94, respectively, indicating the promising performance of the GBM algorithm. The estimated annual average BC concentration over 11 years was 6.18± 2.46 μg/m3. Spatial variations in BC concentration and hotspot analysis at 99% and 95% confidence levels, showed that hotspots were primarily concentrated in the central and southern parts of Tehran. In contrast, cold spots were more scattered across the western and northeastern parts of the city. The cancer risk (CR) from BC exposure exceeded the recommended risk levels (1 × 10⁻⁶ to 1 × 10⁻⁴) established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), demonstrating severe health risks for people in Tehran exposed to the current levels of BC concentrations. The average Hazard Quotient (HQ) value across all areas of Tehran was below the threshold value of 1, indicating that the non-carcinogenic health risk remains within acceptable limits. Results regarding green spaces indicated that greenery significantly influences BC concentration, revealing a negative correlation between green space coverage and BC concentration.
【摘要翻译】
黑炭（BC）是一种大气污染物，对人类健康有显著的不利影响，增加了暴露个体发生心血管疾病、呼吸问题和癌症的风险。因此，研究城市地区的BC对于理解其相关健康风险至关重要。本研究利用多角度大气校正实施（MAIAC）从中等分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）获取的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）遥感数据，以及现场观测的BC浓度和气象参数，估算了德黑兰的BC浓度。在此过程中，采用了集成机器学习算法——梯度提升机（GBM），对2010年至2021年的BC浓度进行了估算，实现了德黑兰BC水平的时空分析。随后，研究了BC对儿童和成人的致癌和非致癌影响，以及其与城市绿地的关系。BC估算的均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和调整后的R平方（R²_adj）值分别在0.80至1.59 μg/m³、0.59至1.10 μg/m³和0.70至0.94之间，表明GBM算法表现出良好的性能。11年期间估算的年平均BC浓度为6.18±2.46 μg/m³。BC浓度的空间变化和在99%及95%置信水平下的热点分析显示，热点主要集中在德黑兰的中部和南部地区。相反，冷点则更分散地分布在城市的西部和东北部。BC暴露导致的癌症风险（CR）超过了美国环保局（US EPA）设定的推荐风险水平（1 × 10⁻⁶至1 × 10⁻⁴），表明德黑兰居民在当前BC浓度水平下面临严重的健康风险。德黑兰所有区域的平均危害商数（HQ）值低于阈值1，表明非致癌健康风险仍在可接受范围内。关于绿地的结果表明，绿化显著影响BC浓度，揭示了绿地覆盖率与BC浓度之间的负相关关系。
论文48
Block-level spatial integration of population density, social vulnerability, and heavy precipitation reveals intensified urban flooding risk
街区级人口密度、社会脆弱性与强降水的空间整合揭示了城市洪水风险的加剧
【摘要】
Under the context of global warming and rapid urbanization, cities worldwide confront the pressing problem of urban waterlogging, hindering progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. Effective planning and mitigation of urban flooding require a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall and risk heterogeneity. However, evaluating urban water-logging risk is challenged by the need for city-scale hydrological simulation and generally lacks comprehensive metrics integrating fine-scale datasets. To address these gaps, we developed a simulation method for urban flood hazards by integrating hydrological models and Random Forest algorithms. We then took Shenzhen, a megacity in China, as a case study, and investigated the spatial patterns of urban flooding risk and its determinants at the block level based on the risk assessment framework represented by Hazards-Exposure-Vulnerability (H-E-V) dimensions. We found that socio-economic indicators exhibited spatial clustering, while hazard-related indicators displayed more dispersed patterns. High-risk areas exhibited a highly heterogeneous spatial pattern, predominantly influenced by vulnerability and exposure factors, as well as the spatial mismatch among the three dimensions. Our results emphasize the importance of integrating spatial heterogeneity of exposure and vulnerability into climate adaptation resource allocation, addressing both current and future demands for effective climate mitigation.
【摘要翻译】
在全球变暖和快速城市化的背景下，全球各地的城市面临着城市内涝的紧迫问题，这阻碍了实现可持续发展目标的进展。有效的城市洪水规划和缓解需要对降雨的时空模式及风险异质性有全面的理解。然而，评估城市内涝风险面临城市尺度水文模拟的需求，并且通常缺乏整合细尺度数据集的综合指标。为了解决这些问题，我们开发了一种通过整合水文模型和随机森林算法的城市洪水灾害模拟方法。随后，我们以中国的特大城市深圳为案例，基于以灾害-暴露-脆弱性（H-E-V）维度表示的风险评估框架，研究了街区层面的城市洪水风险空间模式及其决定因素。研究发现，社会经济指标表现出空间聚集性，而与灾害相关的指标则显示出更为分散的模式。高风险区域表现出高度异质的空间模式，主要受到脆弱性和暴露因素的影响，以及三个维度之间的空间不匹配。我们的结果强调了将暴露和脆弱性的空间异质性纳入气候适应资源分配的重要性，以应对当前和未来对有效气候缓解的需求。
论文49
Exploring the equitable spatial planning on the accessibility of institutional elderly care in megacity: A study based on Chengdu, China
探讨大都市中机构养老护理可及性的公平空间规划：以中国成都为例
【摘要】
Mega-cities, while leveraging large populations for development, need to rationally plan spatial resources, especially for optimizing elderly care services. This study uses Chengdu, Sichuan Province, introducing factors such as accessibility of elderly-friendly medical institutions, weighted built environment factors, and selection influence factors considering service capacity levels and residents' maximum travel time into an improved potential model to explore the accessibility of elderly care services. The study found that the outskirts of Chengdu have a higher aging population, while the central city and its surrounding areas have a larger older population but lower aging rates. Elderly care facilities are mainly small and medium-sized, exhibiting a radial layout centered around the main urban area. The overall level of spatial accessibility to elderly care service resources is relatively low. The central city and its surrounding areas form high-accessibility zones, while the remote suburbs have large areas of low accessibility and scattered high-accessibility points. Based on the findings, four areas for future urban planning and resource allocation were identified: development retention areas, urgent optimization areas, configuration compensation areas, and remote special areas. This study provides new insights into the classification of elderly care resource accessibility and fairness evaluation, offering a reference for planning studies in other mega-cities.
【摘要翻译】
特大城市在利用庞大人口促进发展的同时，需要合理规划空间资源，尤其是在优化养老服务方面。本研究以四川省成都为例，引入养老友好型医疗机构的可及性、加权建成环境因素以及考虑服务能力水平和居民最大出行时间的选择影响因素，构建了一个改进的潜力模型，以探索养老服务的可及性。研究发现，成都的郊区老龄人口较多，而中心城区及其周边地区老年人口规模较大但老龄化率较低。养老设施主要为中小型，呈现以主城区为中心的径向布局。养老服务资源的空间可及性整体水平较低。中心城区及其周边地区形成了高可及性区域，而偏远郊区则存在大面积的低可及性区域和分散的高可及性点。基于研究结果，确定了未来城市规划和资源分配的四个重点区域：发展保留区、紧急优化区、配置补偿区和偏远特定区。本研究为养老资源可及性的分类和公平性评估提供了新的见解，并为其他特大城市的规划研究提供了参考。
论文50
Generation of heat and electricity load profiles with high temporal resolution for Urban Energy Units using open geodata
使用开放地理数据为城市能源单元生成高时间分辨率的热电负荷曲线
【摘要】
Urban areas account for up to 87% of global energy consumption, with around a third of CO2 emissions from the building sector. Germany recently enacted a law targeting carbon neutrality in heating by 2045, requiring all municipalities to submit transformation plans for their heating infrastructure. Many are in early stages and need innovative methods to achieve these goals. This study proposes an automated GIS based approach to generate heat and electricity load profiles for geographically referenced residential buildings and districts in Germany, using only open data. The methodology offers hourly temporal resolution and spatial detail from individual buildings to Urban Energy Units (UEUs), a concept introduced in prior studies. Nine distinct heating load profiles and nine electricity load profiles were identified. These profiles can adapt to different weather datasets and to three building refurbishment scenarios. The methodology and energy analysis were applied to a district in Oldenburg, Germany, demonstrating the model’s flexibility under varying boundary conditions. For this district, the analysis revealed a total heat demand of 9.9 ± 7 GWh/a and an electricity demand of 2.3 ± 0.126 GWh/a, with respective errors of 45% and 39% when compared to other local data, this demand is presented in both yearly and hourly resolutions. This methodology intends to support German municipalities by accelerating the initial phases of the municipal heating plans and deliver high-quality data on building heat and electricity demand.
【摘要翻译】
城市地区的能源消耗占全球能源消耗的高达87%，其中约三分之一的二氧化碳排放来自建筑部门。德国最近颁布了一项法律，目标是在2045年前实现供暖碳中和，要求所有市政当局提交其供暖基础设施的转型计划。许多市政当局尚处于初期阶段，需要创新的方法来实现这些目标。本研究提出了一种基于地理信息系统（GIS）的自动化方法，利用开放数据生成德国地理参考的住宅建筑和区域的供热和电力负荷曲线。该方法提供了从单个建筑到城市能源单元（UEUs）的小时级时间分辨率和空间细节，这是先前研究中引入的概念。研究识别了九种不同的供热负荷曲线和九种电力负荷曲线。这些曲线可以适应不同的天气数据集和三种建筑翻新情景。该方法论和能源分析应用于德国奥尔登堡的一个区域，展示了模型在不同边界条件下的灵活性。对于该区域，分析显示总热需求为9.9 ± 7 GWh/a，电力需求为2.3 ± 0.126 GWh/a，与其他本地数据相比，分别存在45%和39%的误差，这些需求以年度和小时级别呈现。该方法旨在通过加速市政供暖计划的初始阶段，为德国市政当局提供支持，并提供有关建筑供热和电力需求的高质量数据。
论文51
A new integrated system for carbon capture and clean hydrogen production for sustainable societal utilization
一种用于可持续社会利用的碳捕集与清洁氢气生产的新型集成系统
【摘要】
Both hydrogen production and carbon dioxide removal are considered in this study as two of the critical pieces to achieve the ultimate sustainability target. This study proposes and investigates a new variation of potassium hydroxide thermochemical cycle in order to combine hydrogen production and carbon dioxide removal synergistically. An alkali metal redox thermochemical cycle is developed to utilize the potassium hydroxide uniquely through a nonequilibrium reaction. Also, the multigeneration options are explored by employing two-stage steam Rankine cycle, multi-effect distillation desalination, and Li-Br absorption chiller, which is integrated with potassium hydroxide thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production, carbon capture, power generation, water desalination, and cooling purposes. A comparative assessment under different scenarios is carried out. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the hydrogen production thermochemical cycle are found to be 44.2 % and 67.66 % when the hydrogen generation reaction is carried out at 180 °C and the separation reactor temperature is set at 400 °C. Among the multigeneration scenarios considered, a trigeneration option for producing hydrogen, power and freshwater provides the highest energy efficiency as 66.02 %.
【摘要翻译】
本研究将氢气生产和二氧化碳去除视为实现最终可持续性目标的两个关键组成部分。研究提出并探讨了一种新的氢氧化钾热化学循环变体，旨在通过协同作用将氢气生产和二氧化碳去除结合起来。开发了一种碱金属氧还原热化学循环，通过非平衡反应独特地利用氢氧化钾。此外，研究还通过采用两级蒸汽兰金循环、多效蒸馏海水淡化技术和锂溴吸收式制冷机，探索了多重能源利用方案，这些方案与氢氧化钾热化学循环相结合，实现氢气生产、二氧化碳捕获、发电、海水淡化和制冷目的。研究在不同情景下进行了比较评估。结果表明，当氢气生成反应在180°C进行且分离反应器温度设定为400°C时，氢气生产热化学循环的能效和外能效分别为44.2%和67.66%。在考虑的多重能源利用方案中，生产氢气、电力和淡水的三重能源利用方案提供了最高的能效，为66.02%。
论文52
China's newest design of apartment buildings with modernized façade: A comparative evaluation of its energy performance in five major climate zones
中国最新设计的现代化立面公寓建筑：在五大气候区能源性能的比较评估
【摘要】
Many studies have indicated that the energy efficiency of residential buildings can greatly mitigate energy shortages and environmental problems. High window-to-wall ratio, flat geometric shape, and open space layout are the key characteristics of apartment buildings with modernized façade (ABMF), and the major design trend dominating China's housing market. This study aims to understand the isolated effects of these three design factors on the energy performance of ABMF in five major climate zones using a parametric performance design method. Three important findings were concluded: 1) the energy use intensity (EUI) of ABMF showed a positive relationship to the window-to-wall ratio in five climate zones. Qingdao in Cold Region (2.12 kWh/m2) and Kunming in Temperate Region (1.04 kWh/m2) exhibited lowest average increase in EUI; 2) the reduction of EUI was twice as much in Kunming than in the other four cities, when the aspect ratio of ABMF changed from 1.75 to 0.95; 3) the ‘exterior-side hall’ was the most energy-efficient layout in the five cities. This study is the first to investigate the energy performance of the newest apartment design and hopefully can attract more studies to explore the suitability of ABMF for the sustainable development of China's housing market.
【摘要翻译】
许多研究表明，住宅建筑的能源效率可以大大缓解能源短缺和环境问题。高窗墙比、平坦的几何形状和开放的空间布局是现代化立面公寓建筑（ABMF）的关键特征，也是主导中国住房市场的主要设计趋势。本研究旨在通过参数化性能设计方法，了解这三个设计因素在五个主要气候区对ABMF能源性能的独立影响。研究得出三个重要结论：（1）
在五个气候区内，ABMF的能源使用强度（EUI）与窗墙比呈正相关关系。冷区的青岛（2.12 kWh/m²）和温带区的昆明（1.04 kWh/m²）表现出EUI平均增长最低；（2）当ABMF的长宽比从1.75变为0.95时，昆明的EUI降低幅度是其他四个城市的两倍；（3）在五个城市中，“外侧大厅”是最节能的布局。
本研究是首个探讨最新公寓设计能源性能的研究，希望能够吸引更多研究，探索ABMF在中国住房市场可持续发展中的适用性。
论文53
Combining geographic information and climate data to develop urban building energy prediction models in Taichung, Taiwan
结合地理信息与气候数据在台湾台中市开发城市建筑能源预测模型
【摘要】
Climate change in Taiwan has extended and intensified the summer season, leading to a notable surge in energy demand for cooling systems, especially in densely populated regions. Building energy usage is directly correlated with cooling degree hours (CDHs), representing the hourly temperature differential between indoors and outdoors. This study employed high-resolution Taiwan ReAnalysis Downscaling (TReAD) data to develop an urban energy prediction model focusing on localized cooling demand in central Taiwan's urban areas. Validated against actual electricity consumption data, the model achieved an R2 value of 0.76. The study reveals that urban areas exhibit a high cooling demand during the hot season, exceeding 25,000 °C-h and with an annual energy consumption of 44–64 kWh/m2. Conversely, rural areas have a lower cooling demand – that is, below 8,000 °C-h, with an annual energy consumption of <10 kWh/m2.
Considering the IPCC's RCP8.5 warming scenario, October shows a 20–40 % increase in cooling demand compared to July and May. This underscores the need to address rising energy consumption especially during the early and late stages of the hot season in response to climate change.
【摘要翻译】
台湾的气候变化延长并加剧了夏季，使得对冷却系统的能源需求显著增加，尤其是在密集人口区域。建筑能源使用与冷却度小时（CDHs）直接相关，CDHs代表室内外温度差的每小时积累值。本研究利用高分辨率的台湾再分析下尺度（TReAD）数据，开发了一个城市能源预测模型，重点关注台湾中部城市区域的局部冷却需求。该模型经过实际电力消耗数据的验证，R²值达到0.76。研究显示，城市地区在炎热季节表现出高冷却需求，超过25,000°C-h，年能源消耗为44–64 kWh/m²。相反，农村地区的冷却需求较低，即低于8,000°C-h，年能源消耗小于10 kWh/m²。
考虑到IPCC的RCP8.5变暖情景，十月份的冷却需求比七月和五月增加了20–40%。这强调了在应对气候变化时，特别是在炎热季节的早期和晚期阶段，需要解决不断上升的能源消耗问题。
论文54
Embodied carbon benchmarks of single-family residential buildings in the United States
美国单户住宅建筑的内嵌碳基准
【摘要】
The objective of this work was to define and implement a methodology for establishing theoretical, science-based embodied carbon benchmarks for single-family, detached residential buildings based on the United States Department of Energy prototype single-family residential building energy models. The expected differences in materiality across 16 climate zones and 4 foundation types resulted in 64 archetypical single-family residential building models. Probabilistic life cycle assessment was applied to a material quantity takeoff of each building model to approximate each building model's material use intensity (MUI, kg/m2) and embodied carbon intensity (ECI, kgCO2e/m2). The results indicate that average MUIs range from 185 to 346 kg/m2 and average ECIs ranged from 39 to 121 kgCO2e/m2. The choice of life cycle assessment (LCA) data had a significant impact on the ECI results. More specifically, ECIs calculated using One Click LCA were approximately 7 % and 44 % higher than those from Tally and Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings (Athena), respectively. When accounting for theoretical maximum biogenic CO2 storage (not including end-of-life treatment), all net CO2 emissions intensities computed using Athena were negative, indicating that the buildings were net-CO2 storing. When using One Click or Tally, 28 % and 50 % of the building models were net-CO2 storing, respectively. The results presented herein can be used to establish theoretical, science-based embodied carbon benchmarks for single-family residential buildings in the United States. In addition, the methodology could be adopted by entities seeking to establish building-related embodied carbon emissions reduction targets.
【摘要翻译】
本研究的目标是基于美国能源部的原型独立式单户住宅建筑能耗模型，定义并实施一种方法，以建立单户独立住宅的理论性、科学性内蕴碳基准。由于16个气候区和4种基础类型在材料使用上的预期差异，最终形成了64个典型单户住宅建筑模型。对每个建筑模型的材料数量进行概率性生命周期评估，以估算每个建筑模型的材料使用强度（MUI，kg/m²）和内蕴碳强度（ECI，kgCO₂e/m²）。结果表明，平均MUI范围为185至346 kg/m²，平均ECI范围为39至121 kgCO₂e/m²。生命周期评估（LCA）数据的选择对ECI结果产生了显著影响。具体而言，使用One Click LCA计算的ECI比使用Tally和Athena建筑影响评估器（Athena）计算的结果分别高约7%和44%。在考虑理论最大生物碳储存（不包括生命周期终结处理）的情况下，使用Athena计算的所有净CO₂排放强度均为负值，表明这些建筑实现了净碳储存。而使用One Click或Tally时，分别有28%和50%的建筑模型实现了净碳储存。本文所呈现的结果可用于在美国建立单户住宅建筑的理论性、科学性内蕴碳基准。此外，该方法论还可被希望设定建筑相关内蕴碳排放减少目标的实体所采用。
A cross-scale indicator framework for the study of annual stability of land surface temperature in different land uses
用于研究不同土地利用类型下地表温度年稳定性的跨尺度指标框架
【摘要】Urban Land Surface Temperature (LST) is crucial in surface urban heat island (SUHI) and microclimate studies. Currently, research has focused on seasonal LST differences across land uses, but annual LST fluctuations (ΔLST) within the same land use and their drivers remain underexplored. To explore the impact of land characteristics and urban elements on seasonal LST differences, we propose annual LST stability. We constructed a new indicator framework based on Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), supplemented by Land Morphology (LM) and Land Properties (LP), for cross-scale ΔLST research. We identified land use ratios and key characteristics of urban plots with high stability. The results show an interactive effect of the green land ratio to other land on ΔLST. For residential and office land, the green space ratio (GSR) is key to annual LST stability. Residential land needs a GSR of more than 24 %. The floor area ratio (FAR) for residential and office land has a significant nonlinear effect on annual LST stability, with FARs of 1.8 for residential land and 1.5 for office land being most detrimental to the LST stability. For practical implications, we conducted cluster analyses on residential, office, and green lands, providing strategies to improve stability. These conclusions help balance land economic benefits with urban climate resilience and guide urban planning and design to address the challenges of heat and cold waves.
【摘要翻译】城市地表温度（LST）在研究城市热岛（SUHI）和微气候方面至关重要。目前，研究主要集中在不同土地利用类型之间的季节性LST差异，但同一土地利用类型内年度LST波动（ΔLST）及其驱动因素尚未得到充分探讨。为了探索土地特性和城市元素对季节性LST差异的影响，我们提出了年度LST稳定性这一概念。我们构建了一个基于土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）的新指标框架，并补充了土地形态（LM）和土地属性（LP），用于跨尺度ΔLST研究。我们识别了具有高稳定性的城市地块的土地利用比例和关键特性。结果显示，绿地比例与其他土地对ΔLST有交互作用。对于住宅和办公用地，绿地空间比例（GSR）是年度LST稳定性的关键。住宅用地需要超过24%的GSR。住宅和办公用地的建筑密度（FAR）对年度LST稳定性有显著的非线性影响，住宅用地FAR为1.8，办公用地FAR为1.5时，对LST稳定性的影响最为不利。为了实际应用，我们对住宅、办公和绿地进行了聚类分析，提供了提高稳定性的策略。这些结论有助于平衡土地经济收益与城市气候韧性，指导城市规划与设计，以应对热浪和寒潮的挑战。