今天师傅让我自己了解一下Dubbo,并且让我自己搭建一个简单的项目,我就照着网上的例子,在IDEA中搭建了maven项目,主要是理解dubbo的原理。
大概的原理就是:服务提供端提供一种服务,然后在zookeeper上进行注册,注册之后将地址及端口暴露,可以让消费端找到,那么消费端凭借什么找呢?首先消费端需要获得一个bean,根据bean的名称,在网址里面去找,找到了对应的提供方,那么就找对应的id为该bean的服务端接口,根据这个接口,在提供方去找对应的service,如果找到了,就执行。
项目结构:
上述,分别是整个项目的架构,包括公共接口、消费端、服务端。
1.对于服务的提供端,需要进行配置,dubbo-provider.xml文件主要指定在zookeeper注册的地址和暴露的服务接口
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 --> <dubbo:application name="dubbo_provider" /> <!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 --> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" /> <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" /> <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 --> <!-- provider提供服务,服务的接口是interface,指向的是ref,ref对应provider实现接口类时的注解的service --> <dubbo:service interface="com.test.DemoService" ref="DemoService" /> </beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd" default-autowire="byName"> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.test" /> <import resource="classpath:dubbo-provider.xml" /> </beans>
springmvc.xml文件主要是将相关的配置引入进来
2.对于消费方,配置文件的内容为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd "> <!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 --> <dubbo:application name="dubbo_consumer" /> <!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露发现服务地址 --> <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" /> <!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用id对应的bean(id对应的是在消费端getBean的name) --> <!-- 暴露的接口里面 可以找到dsdd这个bean --> <dubbo:reference id="dsdd" interface="com.test.DemoService" /> </beans>
springmvc文件的内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd" default-autowire="byName"> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.test" /> <import resource="classpath:dubbo-consumer.xml" /> </beans>
对于公共接口,定义了一个接口,在提供方有对这个接口的实现
public interface DemoService { String sayHello(String name); }
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service("DemoService") public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService { public String sayHello(String name) { return name; } }
在总的pom文件中,需要引入相关配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jd.lyx</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId> <packaging>pom</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <modules> <module>demo-api</module> <module>dubbo-provider</module> <module>dubbo-consumer</module> </modules> <properties> <motan.version>0.3.0</motan.version> <!-- 在阿里巴巴内部广泛使用的GA版本为:2.4.9,强烈推荐此版本 --> <dubbo.version>2.5.3</dubbo.version> <dubbox.version>2.8.4</dubbox.version> <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version> <java.version>1.7</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> <version>2.5.3</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId> <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId> <version>0.1</version> </dependency> <!-- spring相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.6.11</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.6.11</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
zookeeper主要的作用是进行服务注册,主要的是服务IP与服务名称的对应关系。
dubbo是一个框架,框架的服务方与提供方需要通过zookeeper进行调度。