机器学习入门---------numpy

第一个是学习一些python的库。首先学习的是numpy的库。

import numpy
vector =numpy.array([5,10,15,20])
matrix = numpy.array([[5,10,15],[20,25,30],[35,40,45]])
print(vector)

print(matrix)

结果:

[ 5 10 15 20]
[[ 5 10 15]
 [20 25 30]
 [35 40 45]]
numpy的array可以创建向量。一个[]代表创建一纬向量,两个[[]]两个代表创建二维向量,以此类推。
vector = numpy.array([1,2,3,4])
print(vector.shape)
matrix = numpy.array([[5,10,15],[20,25,30],[35,40,45]])

print(matrix.shape)结果:

(4,)
(3, 3)
shape是可以用来查询向量的基本情况,几行几列

numbers = numpy.array([1,2,3,4])

numbers.dtype

结果:

dtype('int32')
dtype用来查询类型

vector =numpy.array([5,10,15,20])

print(vector[0:3])结果:

[ 5 10 15]

前包后不包

matrix = numpy.array([[5,10,15],
                      [20,25,30],
                      [35,40,45]])

print(matrix[:,1])

print(matrix[:,0:2])

结果:

[10 25 40]
[[ 5 10]
 [20 25]
 [35 40]]
第一个位置的:表示所有的行,第二个位置表示列。

vector =numpy.array([5,10,15,20])

vector ==10

结果:

array([False,  True, False, False], dtype=bool)

查找向量中有没有10,有的话返回true,没有的话返回false,后面的是类型

vector =numpy.array([5,10,15,20])
equal_to_ten = (vector ==10)
print (equal_to_ten)

print(vector[equal_to_ten])

结果:

[False  True False False]
[10]
与前面一样,然后在true的地方返回了10

matrix = numpy.array([[5,10,15],
                      [20,25,30],
                      [35,40,45]])
second_column_25 =(matrix[:,1]==25)
print(second_column_25)

print(matrix[second_column_25])

结果:

[False  True False]
[[20 25 30]]

这是上面的方法的应用,由列找出了行(包含true的那一行)

vector = numpy.array(["1","2","3"])
print(vector.dtype)
print(vector)
vector = vector.astype(float)
print(vector.dtype)
print(vector)结果:

<U1
['1' '2' '3']
float64
[ 1.  2.  3.]这是类型的转换,由String类型转变为float

matrix = numpy.array([[5,10,15],
                      [20,25,30],
                      [35,40,45]])

matrix.sum(axis = 1)结果:

array([ 30,  75, 120])sum是求和,axis=1表示的是行,axis=0,表示的是列

import numpy as np
a=np.arange(15).reshape(3,5)
a  结果:

array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]]) arange是一个数组,reshape是可以转化为一个向量,但是要确保可以被切割
np.arange(10,30,5)结果:
array([10, 15, 20, 25]) 当不是一个变量时表示:从10开始每次加5,但是要小于30

np.random.random((2,3))

结果:

array([[ 0.84933299,  0.10524939,  0.85124946],
       [ 0.75002188,  0.27174962,  0.67449709]])随机生成0~1之前的数,不包含1
from numpy import pi

np.linspace( 0, 2*pi, 100 )

结果:

array([ 0.        ,  0.06346652,  0.12693304,  0.19039955,  0.25386607,
        0.31733259,  0.38079911,  0.44426563,  0.50773215,  0.57119866,
        0.63466518,  0.6981317 ,  0.76159822,  0.82506474,  0.88853126,
        0.95199777,  1.01546429,  1.07893081,  1.14239733,  1.20586385,
        1.26933037,  1.33279688,  1.3962634 ,  1.45972992,  1.52319644,
        1.58666296,  1.65012947,  1.71359599,  1.77706251,  1.84052903,
        1.90399555,  1.96746207,  2.03092858,  2.0943951 ,  2.15786162,
        2.22132814,  2.28479466,  2.34826118,  2.41172769,  2.47519421,
        2.53866073,  2.60212725,  2.66559377,  2.72906028,  2.7925268 ,
        2.85599332,  2.91945984,  2.98292636,  3.04639288,  3.10985939,
        3.17332591,  3.23679243,  3.30025895,  3.36372547,  3.42719199,
        3.4906585 ,  3.55412502,  3.61759154,  3.68105806,  3.74452458,
        3.8079911 ,  3.87145761,  3.93492413,  3.99839065,  4.06185717,
        4.12532369,  4.1887902 ,  4.25225672,  4.31572324,  4.37918976,
        4.44265628,  4.5061228 ,  4.56958931,  4.63305583,  4.69652235,
        4.75998887,  4.82345539,  4.88692191,  4.95038842,  5.01385494,
        5.07732146,  5.14078798,  5.2042545 ,  5.26772102,  5.33118753,
        5.39465405,  5.45812057,  5.52158709,  5.58505361,  5.64852012,
        5.71198664,  5.77545316,  5.83891968,  5.9023862 ,  5.96585272,
        6.02931923,  6.09278575,  6.15625227,  6.21971879,  6.28318531])0~2pi之间安装100均分
A = np.array( [[1,1],
               [0,1]] )
B = np.array( [[2,0],
               [3,4]] )
print (A)
print (B)
#print A*B
print(A.dot(B))
print (np.dot(A, B))结果:
[[1 1]
 [0 1]]
[[2 0]
 [3 4]]
[[5 4]
 [3 4]]
[[5 4]
 [3 4]] A*B代表着对应位置相乘,A.dot(B)是向量的点乘,就是我们平时的向量相乘
#Return the floor of the input
a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((3,4)))
print (a)

a.shape
## flatten the array
print (a.ravel())
#a.shape = (6, 2)
#print a
#print a.T
print (a.resize((2,6)))
print (a)

#If a dimension is given as -1 in a reshaping operation, the other dimensions are automatically calculated:
a.reshape(3,-1)

结果:

[[ 8.  7.  0.  2.]
 [ 5.  8.  5.  8.]
 [ 8.  3.  7.  7.]]
[ 8.  7.  0.  2.  5.  8.  5.  8.  8.  3.  7.  7.] ravel可以把向量压平成数组
None
[[ 8.  7.  0.  2.  5.  8.]
 [ 5.  8.  8.  3.  7.  7.]]
array([[ 8.,  7.,  0.,  2.],
       [ 5.,  8.,  5.,  8.],
       [ 8.,  3.,  7.,  7.]])
a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2)))
b = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,2)))
print (a)
print ('---')
print (b)
print ('---')
print (np.hstack((a,b)))

#np.hstack((a,b))

结果:

[[ 0.  7.]
 [ 3.  1.]]
---
[[ 9.  8.]
 [ 1.  4.]]
---
[[ 0.  7.  9.  8.]
 [ 3.  1.  1.  4.]] hstack两个向量拼接
a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((2,12)))
#print a
#print np.hsplit(a,3)
#print np.hsplit(a,(3,4))   # Split a after the third and the fourth column
a = np.floor(10*np.random.random((12,2)))

print (a)

np.vsplit(a,3)

结果:

[array([[ 5.,  9.],
        [ 8.,  0.],
        [ 2.,  7.],
        [ 2.,  2.]]), array([[ 3.,  2.],
        [ 9.,  1.],
        [ 4.,  8.],
        [ 0.,  2.]]), array([[ 8.,  2.],
        [ 2.,  3.],
        [ 9.,  0.],
        [ 0.,  1.]])]vsplit是安装行切分成3分
#The copy method makes a complete copy of the array and its data.
d = a.copy()
d is a
d[0,0] = 9999
print (d)

print (a)

用了copy之后,两个向量就不会同时指向一个地址了,改变就没有事了

a = np.arange(0, 40, 10)
b = np.tile(a, (3, 5))
print (b)结果:

[[ 0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30]
 [ 0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30]
 [ 0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30  0 10 20 30]]生成一个3行5列的向量
a = np.array([[4, 3, 5], [1, 2, 1]])
#print a
#b = np.sort(a, axis=1)
#print b
#b
#a.sort(axis=1)
#print a
a = np.array([4, 3, 1, 2])
j = np.argsort(a)
print (j)
print (a[j])结果:
[2 3 1 0]
[1 2 3 4] argsort是指安装排序后的序号:例如:1最小,1的index为2.。。




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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_42688876/article/details/81036475