ElasticSearch安装及简单使用

一.安装

1.因为es启动时需要使用非root用户，所以这里创建一个bigdata用户：
【在多台机器上执行下面的命令】

useradd bigdata
#为hadoop用户添加密码：
echo 123456 | passwd --stdin bigdata
#将bigdata添加到sudoers
echo "bigdata ALL = (root) NOPASSWD:ALL" | tee /etc/sudoers.d/bigdata
chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/bigdata
#解决sudo: sorry, you must have a tty to run sudo问题，在/etc/sudoer注释掉 Default requiretty 一行
sudo sed -i 's/Defaults    requiretty/Defaults:bigdata !requiretty/' /etc/sudoers

#创建一个bigdata目录
mkdir /{bigdata,data}
#给相应的目录添加权限
chown -R bigdata:bigdata /{bigdata,data}

2.切换到bigdata用户下进行安装（前提：安装好了jdk，要求1.8.20或1.7.55以上）

解压es

tar -zxvf elasticsearch-2.3.1.tar.gz -C /bigdata/

修改配置
vi /bigdata/elasticsearch-2.3.1/config/elasticsearch.yml

#集群名称，通过组播的方式通信，通过名称判断属于哪个集群
cluster.name: bigdata
#节点名称，要唯一
node.name: es-1
#数据存放位置
path.data: /data/es/data
#日志存放位置
path.logs: /data/es/logs
#es绑定的ip地址
network.host: hadoop1
#初始化时可进行选举的节点
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node-4.itcast.cn", "node-5.itcast.cn", "node-6.itcast.cn"]

使用scp拷贝到其他节点

scp -r elasticsearch-2.3.1/ hadoop2:$PWD
scp -r elasticsearch-2.3.1/ hadoop3:$PWD

在其他节点上修改es配置，需要修改的有node.name和network.host

启动es（/bigdata/elasticsearch-2.3.1/bin/elasticsearch -h查看帮助文档）

/bigdata/elasticsearch-2.3.1/bin/elasticsearch -d

用浏览器访问es所在机器的9200端口
http://hadoop1:9200/
{
“name” : “es-1”,
“cluster_name” : “bigdata”,
“version” : {
“number” : “2.3.1”,
“build_hash” : “bd980929010aef404e7cb0843e61d0665269fc39”,
“build_timestamp” : “2016-04-04T12:25:05Z”,
“build_snapshot” : false,
“lucene_version” : “5.5.0”
},
“tagline” : “You Know, for Search”
}
关闭es

kill `ps -ef | grep Elasticsearch | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`

3.es安装插件下载es插件
/bigdata/elasticsearch-2.3.1/bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head

[hadoop@master es]$ bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head
-> Installing mobz/elasticsearch-head...
Trying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip ...
Downloading ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
Installed head into /export/servers/es/plugins/head

本地方式安装head插件
./plugin install file:///home/bigdata/elasticsearch-head-master.zip

访问head管理页面
http://hadoop1:9200/_plugin/head

二.简单使用

RESTful接口URL的格式：

http://localhost:9200/<index>/<type>/[<id>]

其中index、type是必须提供的。
id是可选的，不提供es会自动生成。
index、type将信息进行分层，利于管理。
index可以理解为数据库；type理解为数据表；id相当于数据库表中记录的主键，是唯一的。

#向store索引中添加一些书籍
curl -XPUT 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1' -d '{
  "title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide",
  "name" : {
    "first" : "Zachary",
    "last" : "Tong"
  },
  "publish_date":"2015-02-06",
  "price":"49.99"
}'

#通过浏览器查询
http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1

#在linux中通过curl的方式查询
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1'

#在添加一个书的信息
curl -XPUT 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/2' -d '{
  "title": "Elasticsearch Blueprints",
  "name" : {
    "first" : "Vineeth",
    "last" : "Mohan"
  },
  "publish_date":"2015-06-06",
  "price":"35.99"
}'


# 通过ID获得文档信息
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/bookstore/books/1'

#在浏览器中查看
http://hadoop1:9200/bookstore/books/1

# 通过_source获取指定的字段
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1?_source=title'
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1?_source=title,price'
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1?_source'

#可以通过覆盖的方式更新
curl -XPUT 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1' -d '{
  "title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide",
  "name" : {
    "first" : "Zachary",
    "last" : "Tong"
  },
  "publish_date":"2016-02-06",
  "price":"99.99"
}'

# 或者通过 _update  API的方式单独更新你想要更新的
curl -XPOST 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1/_update' -d '{
  "doc": {
     "price" : 88.88
  }
}'

curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1'

#删除一个文档
curl -XDELETE 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/1'


# 最简单filter查询
# SELECT * FROM books WHERE price = 35.99
# filtered 查询价格是35.99的
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/_search' -d '{
    "query" : {
        "filtered" : {
            "query" : {
                "match_all" : {}
            },
            "filter" : {
                "term" : {
                    "price" : 35.99
                  }
              }
        }
    }
}'

#指定多个值
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/_search' -d '{
    "query" : {
        "filtered" : {
            "filter" : {
                "terms" : {
                    "price" : [35.99, 99.99]
                  }
              }
        }
    }
}'


# SELECT * FROM books WHERE publish_date = "2015-02-06"
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/bookstore/books/_search' -d '{
  "query" : {
    "filtered" : {
        "filter" : {
           "term" : {
              "publish_date" : "2015-02-06"
            }
          }
      }
  }
}'



# bool过滤查询，可以做组合过滤查询
# SELECT * FROM books WHERE (price = 35.99 OR price = 99.99) AND (publish_date != "2016-02-06")
# 类似的，Elasticsearch也有 and, or, not这样的组合条件的查询方式
# 格式如下：
#  {
#    "bool" : {
#    "must" :     [],
#    "should" :   [],
#    "must_not" : [],
#    }
#  }
#
# must: 条件必须满足，相当于 and
# should: 条件可以满足也可以不满足，相当于 or
# must_not: 条件不需要满足，相当于 not

curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/bookstore/books/_search' -d '{
  "query" : {
    "filtered" : {
      "filter" : {
        "bool" : {
          "should" : [
            { "term" : {"price" : 35.99}},
            { "term" : {"price" : 99.99}}
          ],
          "must_not" : {
            "term" : {"publish_date" : "2016-02-06"}
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'


# 嵌套查询
# SELECT * FROM books WHERE price = 35.99 OR ( publish_date = "2016-02-06" AND price = 99.99 )

curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/bookstore/books/_search' -d '{
  "query" : {
    "filtered" : {
      "filter" : {
        "bool" : {
          "should" : [
              { "term" : {"price" : 35.99}},
              { "bool" : {
              "must" : [
                {"term" : {"publish_date" : "2016-02-06"}},
                {"term" : {"price" : 99.99}}
              ]
            }}
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

# range范围过滤
# SELECT * FROM books WHERE price >= 20 AND price < 100
# gt :  > 大于
# lt :  < 小于
# gte :  >= 大于等于
# lte :  <= 小于等于

curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/store/books/_search' -d '{
  "query" : {
    "filtered" : {
      "filter" : {
        "range" : {
          "price" : {
            "gt" : 20.0,
            "lt" : 100
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'


# 另外一种 and， or， not查询
# 没有bool, 直接使用and , or , not
# 注意: 不带bool的这种查询不能利用缓存
# 查询价格既是35.99，publish_date又为"2015-02-06"的结果
curl -XGET 'http://hadoop1:9200/bookstore/books/_search' -d '{
  "query": {
    "filtered": {
      "filter": {
        "and": [
        {
          "term": {
            "price":59.99
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "publish_date":"2015-02-06"
          }
        }
       ]
     },
     "query": {
      "match_all": {}
      }
    }
  }
}'


http://hadoop1:9200/bookstore/books/_search

es安装插件下载es插件
/bigdata/elasticsearch-2.3.1/bin/plugin install elasticsearch/marvel/latest
访问head管理页面
http://hadoop1:9200/_plugin/marvel