序言
Shrio是java的一个权限框架,可以完成认证、授权、加密、会话管理、集成Web、缓存等。Shiro可以应用在JavaSE中,也可以应用在JavaEE中,这里主要学习Shiro与Web整合,实现网站权限管理。
SSM整合Shiro
SSM整合Shiro(这里对SSM的整合不再详细说明,具体可以看
SSM框架整合)需要导入4个jar包,分别为:shiro-all,log4j,slf4j-api,slf4j-log4j12。同时也需要缓存的核心包:ehcache-core,之后配置shiro的过滤器,在web.xml中添加如下代码:
web.xml
<!-- shiro过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
同时在spring的配置文件中加载shiro的相关配置,在classpath目录下加入缓存的配置文件ehcache.xml,内容都有详细的注释,这里就不再做多的说明,具体实现如下:
applicaitonContext.xml
<!--shiro相关配置-->
<bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">
<property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManager"/>
<property name="realms" ref="jdbcRealm"></property>
</bean>
<!--加载ehcache.xml缓存文件-->
<bean id="cacheManager" class="org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManager">
<property name="cacheManagerConfigFile" value="classpath:ehcache.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置自定义的realm,对传入的密码采用MD5加密,下文会再说明 -->
<bean id="jdbcRealm" class="com.tms.shiro.ShiroRealm">
<property name="credentialsMatcher">
<bean class="org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.HashedCredentialsMatcher">
<property name="hashAlgorithmName" value="MD5"></property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
<!-- 启动IOC容器中使用shiro的注解 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"
depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
<bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
</bean>
<!-- 自定义登出时跳转的路径,登出时Shiro会自动清除缓存 -->
<bean id="logout" class="org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.LogoutFilter">
<property name="redirectUrl" value="/admin/login.html"/>
</bean>
<!--ShiroFilter,unauthorizedUrl:没权限时跳转的路径 -->
<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
<property name="loginUrl" value="/admin/login.html"/>
<property name="successUrl" value="/admin/index.html"/>
<property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/admin/limit.html"/>
<property name="filterChainDefinitions">
<value>
<!-- anon表示不拦截的路径 -->
/admin/login.html = anon
/admin/css/** = anon
/admin/js/** = anon
<!-- authc表示拦截的路径 -->
/admin/** = authc
<!-- logout表示登出 -->
/admin/logout.html = logout
</value>
</property>
</bean>
ehcache.xml
<ehcache>
<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
eternal="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
overflowToDisk="true"
maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
diskPersistent="false"
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" />
</ehcache>
自定义的ShiroRealm(核心)
想要实现认证和授权,可以通过自定义Realm继承AuthorizingRealm实现,同时实现doGetAuthenticationInfo(认证)和doGetAuthorizationInfo(授权),具体实现如下:
public class ShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm{
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token)
throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
String account = userToken.getUsername();
Admin admin = adminMapper.selectByAccount(account);
if(admin==null){
throw new UnknownAccountException("用户不存在");
}
String password = admin.getPassword();
String realmName = getName();
SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(account,password,realmName);
return info;
}
//授权,懒加载,访问用户是否有权限是才执行该方法,一次执行后便存在缓存里,下次访问则直接从缓存中访问
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
//获取登录用户
String account = principals.getPrimaryPrincipal().toString();
Set<String> roles = new HashSet<>();
//数据库里查询用户的权限
Authority authority = authorityMapper.selectByAccount(account);
//判断是否拥有权限,有便授权
if(authority.getAdvertise()){
roles.add("advertise");
}
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(roles);
return info;
}
}
Controller
//调用Shiro的方法SecurityUtils.getSubject()返回当前访问的对象
Subject user = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//判断当前用户没被认证
if (!user.isAuthenticated()) {
String account = request.getParameter("account");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(account, password);
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
//会去访问自定义Realm的认证方法
user.login(token);
}
catch (AuthenticationException e) {
//这里直接捕获AuthenticationException异常,账号错误,不存在,密码错误均会抛出异常
}
}
结尾再说一下
至此便实现了一个简单的Shiro认证和授权的功能,Shiro可以通过标签实现对页面的控制,例如:<shiro:hasRole name="权限名"></shiro:hasRole>在页面中判断当前用户是否具有该权限,<shiro:principal/>显示当前认证的账号,当然,使用之前需要引入标签库(<%@ taglib prefix="shiro" uri="http://shiro.apache.org/tags" %>)。至于shiro实现的源代码和机制,可以访问shiro官网下载shiro的源码学习了解。