django rest_framework（一）

1.rest_framework的作用
1)可以对orm和非orm资源序列化
2)支持restful风格编程(POST,PUT,PATCH)
3)使用类视图编写API的view，而不是函数视图，类视图更符合代码的设计模式。
4)用户认证和权限控制

2.使用示例
功能如下：管理员查看，编辑用户，组信息
1)新建名为tutorial的Project，创建一个名为quickstart的APP
创建表，创建超级管理员

django-admin startproject tutorial
cd tutorial django-admin startapp quickstart python manage.py migrate python manage.py createsuperuser

2)序列化
创建文件/tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py编写序列化相关的代码
所谓序列化是指将对象类型转换为json格式，反序列化是指将json格式转换为对象

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers


class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): class Meta: model = User fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups') class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Group fields = ('url', 'name')

3)Views
视图访问层，会在url路由中注册，访问url时，会进入到响应的视图中处理响应。

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets from .serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer # Create your views here. class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): """ 查看，编辑用户界面 """ queryset = User.objects.all() serializer_class = UserSerializer class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): """ 查看，编辑组 """ queryset = Group.objects.all() serializer_class = GroupSerializer

4)url注册
编写tutorial/urls.py,注册url

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

from rest_framework import routers from quickstart import views router = routers.DefaultRouter() router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet) router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet) urlpatterns = [ url(r'^', include(router.urls)), url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')) ]

使用router.register注册视图，将router.urls放入urlpatterns列表中

5)Settings设置

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', ] REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',), 'PAGE_SIZE': 10 }

DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES:定义权限，只有管理员用户才能访问
PAGE_SIZE:定义分页条数

6)测试api
启动服务

python manage.py runserver

运行结果：

bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ { "count": 2, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "email": "[email protected]", "groups": [], "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/", "username": "admin" }, { "email": "[email protected]", "groups": [ ], "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/", "username": "tom" } ] }

浏览器访问，因为有了权限控制，所以要先登录