C++编程思想 第2卷 第5章 深入理解模板 模板特化 半特化

类模板也可以半特化 partial specialization
意味着在模板特化的某些方法至少还有一个方法
器模板参数是开放的

//: C05:PartialOrder2.cpp
// From "Thinking in C++, Volume 2", by Bruce Eckel & Chuck Allison.
// (c) 1995-2004 MindView, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// See source code use permissions stated in the file 'License.txt',
// distributed with the code package available at www.MindView.net.
// Reveals partial ordering of class templates.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class T, class U> class C {
public:
  void f() { cout << "Primary Template\n"; }
};

template<class U> class C<int, U> {
public:
  void f() { cout << "T == int\n"; }
};

template<class T> class C<T, double> {
public:
  void f() { cout << "U == double\n"; }
};

template<class T, class U> class C<T*, U> {
public:
  void f() { cout << "T* used\n"; }
};

template<class T, class U> class C<T, U*> {
public:
  void f() { cout << "U* used\n"; }
};

template<class T, class U> class C<T*, U*> {
public:
  void f() { cout << "T* and U* used\n"; }
};

template<class T> class C<T, T> {
public:
  void f() { cout << "T == U\n"; }
};

int main() {
  C<float, int>().f();    // 1: Primary template
  C<int, float>().f();    // 2: T == int
  C<float, double>().f(); // 3: U == double
  C<float, float>().f();  // 4: T == U
  C<float*, float>().f(); // 5: T* used [T is float]
  C<float, float*>().f(); // 6: U* used [U is float]
  C<float*, int*>().f();  // 7: T* and U* used [float,int]
  // The following are ambiguous:
//   8: C<int, int>().f();
//   9: C<double, double>().f();
//  10: C<float*, float*>().f();
//  11: C<int, int*>().f();
//  12: C<int*, int*>().f();
  getchar();
} ///:~

输出
Primary Template
T == int
U == double
T == U
T* used
U* used
T* and U* used

可以根据模板参数是否是指针类型
或者它们是否和特化参数类型相同来部分指定模板参数
当用T*作为模板参数来进行特化时
T本身不是最高级的被传递的指针类型