一、Git工具的安装
1）centos系统下安装
1.1）查看环境
[root@gitlab ~]# rpm -qa centos-release centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 [root@gitlab ~]# uname -a Linux gitlab 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@gitlab ~]# getenforce Disabled [root@gitlab ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:firewalld(1)
1.2）yum安装，yum 工具
#centos 自带git [root@gitlab ~]# rpm -qa git git-1.8.3.1-11.el7.x86_64 #安装方法 yum install git -y
1.3）编译安装
git工具下载：https://github.com/git/git/releases
# 安装依赖关系 yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel # 编译安装 tar -zxf git-2.0.0.tar.gz cd git-2.0.0 make configure ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
2）Windows下安装
过程略
2）git命令的基本使用，如显示文件，创建文件
lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test $ mkdir git_test # 创建文件夹 lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test $ cd git_test/ # 进入文件夹 lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test $ git init # git 初始化，生成 .git下的隐藏文件 Initialized empty Git repository in E:/test/git_test/.git/ lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ cd .git/ # 进入隐藏文件 lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test/.git (GIT_DIR!) $ ls # 显示隐藏文件内容 config description HEAD hooks/ info/ objects/ refs/ lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test/.git (GIT_DIR!) $ cd .. lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ ls -a ./ ../ .git/ lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ cat first_program.py def sayhi(name): print("hello world!",name)
git init # 初始化文件
3）提交文件
lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git add first_program.py # 将代码放入暂存区 warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in first_program.py. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory. lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git commit # 存入暂存区，失败，因为要表明是谁提交的代码 *** Please tell me who you are. Run git config --global user.email "[email protected]" git config --global user.name "Your Name" to set your account's default identity. Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository. fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC.(none)') lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git config --global user.email "[email protected]" # 写邮箱名 lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git config --global user.name "lover" # 写用户名 lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git commit # 再提交，会弹出一个文件，里面必须添加为什么要提交文件 [master (root-commit) 8323763] git test commit 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 first_program.py lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git commit # 再提交，显示没有内容需要提交了 On branch master nothing to commit, working tree clean
4）修改文件回滚操作，前提是没有git add
lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git status On branch master Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: first_program.py Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) readme no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ cat first_program.py def sayhi(name): print("Hello sb!",name) print('user') print('Second change') lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ git checkout first_program.py lenvovo@LENVOVO-PC MINGW32 /e/test/git_test (master) $ cat first_program.py def sayhi(name): print("Hello sb!",name) print('Second change')
5）命令总结
git add first_program.py # 将文件放入暂存区 git add . # 提交整个目录与暂存区 git commit # 如果失败需要要表明是谁提交的代码 git config --global user.email "[email protected]" # 写邮箱名 git config --global user.name "lover" # 写用户名 会弹出一个文件，里面必须添加为什么要提交文件 git commit -m "second commit test" # 避免弹框，将为什么提交写在后面 git status # 查看文件的状态 git checkout first_program.py # 回滚操作，前提是没有git add，还原到上次提交时的文件 # 提交之后的回滚 git log # 查看提交的日志 git log --pretty=oneline # 忽略不重要的信息 git reset --hard HEAD^ # 回滚到上一次提交时 git reset --hard 8323763f7b5dfd365f593fb724346ce692bdc258 # 回滚到指定的版本号 git reset --hard 832376 # 写上前6位就可以了 # 如果关闭了命令行，找不到了版本号 git reflog # 回滚的最后招数，所有的操作记录都显示了，可查看到版本号
二、github的使用
1）创建好账号后，创建项目
2）创建好项目后。操作提示
3）克隆创建的项目代码
使用https的方式
4)修改代码后上传至GitHub仓库
上传代码步骤总结
git clone https://github.com/xxxx/xxxxxxx # 克隆代码到本地 修改文件之后 git add . git commit -m "first_commit" git config --global user.email "[email protected]" git config --global user.name "you name" git push -u origin master # 上传至远程仓库 输入用户名 输入密码