基于STM32F103 蜂鸣器 播放音乐

本人小白一个，在暑假期间利用休息时间自学32，在此篇中，若有不对指出，还请各位大佬多多指点，小弟感激不尽。

我想要实现的是通过stm32f103mini板，播放制定的音乐。蜂鸣器的发声原理如果有不理解的，请自行百度。要想播放音乐，就要掌握两个关键，一个是节拍，就是类似于钢琴，吉他之类的节拍。另一个就是音调，音调是通过PWM输出引脚输出PWM的高低来控制。而播放音乐就是在每一个固定的节拍中播放对应的音调，当很多个音调连接起来，就成了一串优美的音乐了。

话不多说，先上干货。

beep.h

#ifndef __BEEP_H
#define __BEEP_H     
#include "sys.h"
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     
#define RCC_BEEP_CLK     RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB                                  
#define BEEP_Pin     GPIO_Pin_1
#define BEEP_GPIO    GPIOB//这些定义都是为了简化调用而已。

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

#define BEEP PBout(1)    // BEEP  接口定义

// 定义低音音名，单位HZ
#define L1 262
#define L2 294
#define L3 330
#define L4 349
#define L5 392
#define L6 440
#define L7 494

// 定义中音音名
#define M1 523
#define M2 587
#define M3 659
#define M4 698
#define M5 784
#define M6 880
#define M7 988

//定义高音音名
#define H1 1047
#define H2 1175
#define H3 1319
#define H4 1397
#define H5 1568
#define H6 1760
#define H7 1976

// 
#define TT 2000

typedef struct
{
  short mName; //元素1，音名，取值是上边的三种音名，低中高（1~7),0表是休止符
  short mTime; //元素2，时值，取值范围是全音符，半分音符等等
}tNote;//定义一个结构体，里边包含两个元素。

extern u8 beep_switch;//
//extern u16 beep_time;

void BEEP_PWM_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc);
void buzzerSound(unsigned short usFreq)    ;
void musicPlay(void) ;
void buzzerQuiet(void);

#endif

 beep.c

#include "beep.h"
#include "delay.h"
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     
        
u8 beep_switch=0;
//u16 beep_time=0;
 

 

///*
//定义曲目《最炫民族风》

//定义了一个数组，用来装节拍和对应音调
const tNote MyScore[]=
{
  {L6,TT/4},{L3,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M1,TT/4},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/2},{M1,TT/4},{M1,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},
  {M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/4},{M3,TT/2},{M6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/4},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},//²ÔãµÄÌìÑÄÊÇÎҵİ®¡£¡£¡£×îѽ×îÒ¡
  {M2,TT/2},{M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{L5,TT/4},{L6,TT/2}, //°Ú£¬Ê²Ã´ÑùµÄ¸èÉù²ÅÊÇ×»³
  {L6,TT/4},{L3,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M1,TT/4},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/2},{M1,TT/4},{M1,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},
  {M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/4},{M3,TT/2},{M6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/4},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},//²ÔãµÄÌìÑÄÊÇÎҵİ®¡£¡£¡£×îѽ×îÒ¡
  {M2,TT/2},{M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{L5,TT/4},{L6,TT/2}, //°Ú£¬Ê²Ã´ÑùµÄ¸èÉù²ÅÊÇ×»³
  {M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{H1,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/4},{M6,TT/2},{L6,TT/4},{L6,TT/8},
  {L5,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{M1,TT/4},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},{L6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},
  {M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},//ÁôÏÂÀ´
  {M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/4},{L5,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/2},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},
  {L5,TT/8},{L3,TT/8},{L6,TT/2},{L6,TT/4},{L6,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{M1,TT/4},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},{L6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},
  {M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},
  {M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},//ÁôÏÂÀ´
  {M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/4},{L5,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/4+TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},
  {M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M6,TT/2},{M6,TT/2},{L6,TT/4},{L6,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},
  {L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},
  {M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M1,TT/2},//µÇÉÏÌìÍâÔÆÏöµÄÎę̀
  {L6,TT/4},{L6,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{M1,TT/4},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},{L6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},
  {M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},//ÁôÏÂÀ´
  {M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/4},{L5,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/2},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},
  {L5,TT/8},{L3,TT/8},{L6,TT/2},{L6,TT/4},{L6,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{L6,TT/4},{M1,TT/4},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},{L6,TT/8},{M6,TT/8},
  {M6,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/16},{M2,TT/16},
  {M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/2},//ÁôÏÂÀ´
  {M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/4},{L5,TT/8},{L5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M1,TT/4+TT/8},{M1,TT/8},{L6,TT/8},
  {M1,TT/8},{M2,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M3,TT/8},{M5,TT/8},{M6,TT/2},{M6,TT/2},
  {0,0},
};
//*/

//PWM初始化
 

void BEEP_PWM_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
{  
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
    TIM_OCInitTypeDef  TIM_OCInitStructure;
    

    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);
     RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_BEEP_CLK  | RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);  //ʹÄÜGPIOÍâÉèºÍAFIO¸´Óù¦ÄÜÄ£¿éʱÖÓʹÄÜ
    
    //GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_PartialRemap_TIM3, ENABLE); //TIM3部分重映射TIM3_CH4->PB0                                                                       
  
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = BEEP_Pin; //TIM3_CH4
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;  //复用输出
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(BEEP_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr;  
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0; //
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;  //
 TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure); 
         
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM2; //Ñ¡Ôñ¶¨Ê±Æ÷ģʽ:TIMÂö³å¿í¶Èµ÷ÖÆģʽ2
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable; //±È½ÏÊä³öʹÄÜ
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = 0; //ÉèÖôý×°È벶»ñ±È½Ï¼Ä´æÆ÷µÄÂö³åÖµ
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_Low;//TIM_OCPolarity_High;//TIM_OCPolarity_Low; //Êä³ö¼«ÐÔ:TIMÊä³ö±È½Ï¼«ÐÔµÍ
    TIM_OC4Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);  //¸ù¾ÝTIM_OCInitStructÖÐÖ¸¶¨µÄ²ÎÊý³õʼ»¯ÍâÉèTIMx
    TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);  //ʹÄÜTIMxÔÚCCR2ÉϵÄԤװÔؼĴæÆ÷
    
    TIM_CCxCmd(TIM3,TIM_Channel_4 ,ENABLE);//Êä³ö¿ªÆô
    TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM3, ENABLE); //ʹÄÜTIMxÔÚARRÉϵÄԤװÔؼĴæÆ÷
    TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);  //ʹÄÜTIMxÍâÉè
}

//蜂鸣器停止发声
void buzzerQuiet(void)    
{    
    TIM_SetCompare4(TIM3,0); //À®°È
    TIM_CCxCmd(TIM3,TIM_Channel_4 ,DISABLE);//

}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     
//·äÃùÆ÷·¢³öÖ¸¶¨ÆµÂʵÄÉùÒô
//usFreqÊÇ·¢ÉùƵÂÊ£¬È¡Öµ (ϵͳʱÖÓ/65536)+1 ¡« 20000£¬µ¥Î»£ºHz
void buzzerSound(unsigned short usFreq)     
{
  unsigned long  ulVal;
  if((usFreq<=8000000/65536UL)||(usFreq>20000))//65536µÄÖµÊǶ¨Ê±Æ÷ÖØ×°ÔؼĴæÆ÷µÄ×î´óÖµ
  {
    buzzerQuiet();// 
  }
  else
  {
      ulVal=8000000/usFreq;//
      TIM3->ARR =ulVal ;    //定时器重装载寄存器周期的值
      TIM_SetCompare4(TIM3,ulVal /2);//音调高低
      TIM_CCxCmd(TIM3,TIM_Channel_4 ,ENABLE);//开启时钟
  }  
}

// 
void musicPlay(void) 
{     
static u8 i=0;    
    
      if(MyScore[i].mTime != 0) 
        {
            buzzerSound(MyScore[i].mName); 
            delay_ms(MyScore[i].mTime);
            i++;
            buzzerQuiet(); // 防止在中间发出杂音，以及留出音乐的停顿
            delay_ms(10);// 10 ms 
        }
 
} 

   总的来说，感觉就PWM输出的一个小引用，难度不大，掌握蜂鸣器播放音乐的原理，那么会事半功倍，不论是那种板子，都能实现蜂鸣器播放音乐。花一些时间去思考，效率会提高不少。

我曾许下十年，只为最美的遇见。

我是西伯利亚螂，有缘再见。