《二》django之url、视图、日志功能logging

django之url

参考文档：https://yiyibooks.cn/xx/Django_1.11.6/topics/http/urls.html

在setting中ROOT_URLCONF = 'devops.urls' 配置

Django如何处理请求

匹配url，都是从第一个往下匹配，若第一个可以匹配，就不用跳到第二个url规则

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from . import views

app_name = 'dashboard'
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.index,name='index'),
    url(r'^login/$', views.loginView,name='login'),
        url(r'^login/', views.loginView1,name='login1'),
]

每个正则表达式前面的'r' 是可选的但是建议加上。 它告诉Python 这个字符串是“原始的” ，表示：字符串中任何字符都不应该转义。

url映射一般是一条正则表达式，“^” 字符串的开始，“$“ 字符串的结束

例子1：访问“http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/login/123” 匹配的是 url(r'^login/', views.loginView1,name='login1') 这条

            :  访问“http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/login”  匹配的是  url(r'^login/$', views.loginView,name='login') 这条

例子2：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),
]

匹配第一个：
访问：“http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/articles/2003/”

匹配第二个：
访问：“http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/articles/2013/”

匹配第三个：
访问：“http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/articles/2013/12/”

匹配第四个：
访问：“http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/articles/2014/12/12312123123213/”

def article_detail(request,*args,**kwargs):
    print("args:",args)
    print("kwargs:",kwargs)
    return HttpResponse('12')

结果：
args: ('2014', '12', '12312123123213')
kwargs: {}

关键字参数

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail),
]

url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail),

def article_detail(request,*args,**kwargs):
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(kwargs))

结果：

include访问：

 urlpatterns = [
      url(r"^user/", include([
          url(r'^list/$', view.userlist, name="user_list"),
          url(r'^info/$', view.userinfo, name="userer_inf),
          url(r'^modify/', include([
             url(r'status/$',view.modifystatus, name="user_modify_status"),
          ]))
      ]))
]

访问：‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/list/’
                    ‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/info/’
                    ‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/modify/’
                                ‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/modify/status/’

类视图

以函数的形式进行定义的视图就是函数视图
以类的的形式进行定义的视图就是类视图

例子：展示页面的增删改查功能

用函数视图实现：

结果：

用类视图实现：
.as_view() 为类视图提供一个函数入口

url(r'^login/$', views.LoginUser.as_view(),name='login'),

from django.views import View

分页练习：
1、from django.core.paginator import Paginator
2、

class UserViewV4(View):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        queryset = User.objects.all()
        paginator = Paginator(queryset,20)  #20条数据为一页，实例化分页对象
        try:
            page = int(request.GET.get('page'))
        except:
            page = 1
        if page < 1:
            page = 1
        page = paginator.page(page)   #取对象的第几分页对象；page.object_list：为第几分页的内容
        data = [{'id':user.id,'email':user.email,'username':user.username} for user in page.object_list]
        return JsonResponse(data,safe=False)

例子2：
通过给定的接口创建普通用户密码

class UserViewV5(View):
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        data = request.POST.dict()#接收所有的dict
        print(data) 
        try:
            user = User.objects.create_user(**data)
        except IntegrityError:
            return JsonResponse({'error':'用户已存在'})
        return JsonResponse({'id':user.id,'email':user.email,'username':user.username})

create_user接收的参数，data那里必须要对应起来，不然添加不了，：