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springboot2.0 使用 Thymeleaf 开发 web 项目简单示例
Spring boot开发web项目，通常打成jar包，使用内置的web服务器 Tomcat、Jetty、undertow 来运行。静态资源（css、js、图片等）默认放在resources/static下面。如果要修改默认存放目录，可以通过设置属性 spring.mvc.static-path-pattern来实现。
模板文件默认放在 templates目录下。Spring boot支持使用模板来开发web应用，支持的模板类型包括：
- FreeMarker
- Groovy
- Thymeleaf
- Mustache
Spring boot不建议使用jsp开发web。本文使用Thymeleaf来作为模板引擎开发web项目。
Thymeleaf
Thymeleaf是一个Java模板引擎开发库，可以处理和生成HTML、XML、JavaScript、CSS和文本，在Web和非Web环境下都可以正常工作。Thymeleaf可以跟Spring boot很好的集成。
创建项目
在 start.spring.io 网站上创建一个空项目，然后下载到本地。解压后展开的目录如下：
cl@ubuntu64fan:~/Workspace/webapp$ tree
├── mvnw
├── mvnw.cmd
├── pom.xml
└── src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── com
│ │ └── pepstack
│ │ └── webapp
│ │ ├── controller
│ │ │ └── UserController.java
│ │ ├── model
│ │ │ └── User.java
│ │ └── WebappApplication.java
│ └── resources
│ ├── application.properties
│ ├── static
│ └── templates
│ └── user
│ ├── detail.html
│ └── list.html
└── test
└── java
└── com
└── pepstack
└── webapp
└── WebappApplicationTests.java没有的目录和文件是我添加的。更改文件内容如下：
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.pepstack</groupId>
<artifactId>webapp</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>webapp</name>
<description>web project for Spring Boot2.0</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>User.java
package com.pepstack.webapp.model;
public class User {
private Long id;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
private String username;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
private int age;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}UserController.java
package com.pepstack.webapp.controller;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import com.pepstack.webapp.model.User;
// 一定是 Controller, 不能是 RestController
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/{id}")
public String getUser(@PathVariable int id, Model model) {
User dto = new User();
dto.setId((long) id);
dto.setUsername("pepstack-"+id);
dto.setAddress("Shanghai, China");
dto.setAge(20 + id);
model.addAttribute("user", dto);
return "/user/detail";
}
@RequestMapping("/list")
public String listUser(Model model) {
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
User dto = new User();
dto.setId((long) i);
dto.setUsername("pepstack-" + i);
dto.setAddress("Shanghai, China");
dto.setAge(20 + i);
userList.add(dto);
}
model.addAttribute("users", userList);
return "/user/list";
}
}list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>list.html</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>用户列表</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li th:each="user:${users}">
<p>ID:<span th:text="${user.id}"></span></p>
<p>名字:<span th:text="${user.username}"></span></p>
<p>年龄:<span th:text="${user.age}"></span></p>
<p>地址:<span th:text="${user.address}"></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>detail.html</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>用户信息</h2>
<div>
<p>ID:<span th:text="${user.id}"></span></p>
<p>名字:<span th:text="${user.username}"></span></p>
<p>年龄:<span th:text="${user.age}"></span></p>
<p>地址:<span th:text="${user.address}"></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>application.properties
# url path
server.port=8088
server.servlet.context-path=/webapp
# thymeleaf
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
# 开发阶段务必关闭缓存 (=false)
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false运行
# mvn spring-boot:run
浏览器访问
http://localhost:8088/webapp/user/list
http://localhost:8088/webapp/user/2
代码浏览和下载
https://github.com/pepstack/springboot2-webapp-sample01
git clone https://github.com/pepstack/springboot2-webapp-sample01.git