摘要：OSS可用于图片、音视频、日志等海量文件的存储。各种终端设备、Web网站程序、移动应用可以直接向OSS写入或读取数据，非常方便。本篇文章介绍如何在java的SpringBoot项目中，整个使用OSS服务，spring 项目也可以参考。
主要步骤如下：
前提是开通了阿里云OSS服务，然后；
1.引入依赖
2.获取关键参数，如endpoint,accessKeyId等，这个进入阿里云OSS控制台即可获取
3.建一个文件上传工具类
4.调用工具类，上传文件
1.pom.xml
<!--aliyunOSS-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
<artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
<version>2.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>2.配置文件
注意：为了以后的拓展性，代码和配置解耦，我这里会专门建一个配置文件，然后在使用时直接从配置类中获取，而不是写死在java代码中。所以2,3两步不是必须的，作用只是规范的使用相关配置参数，若觉得麻烦，学习时，可直接在java代码中写死。application.properties 这里是我定义的一些必要常量
#OSS
java4all.file.endpoint=oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com 不同的服务器，地址不同
java4all.file.keyid=去OSS控制台获取
java4all.file.keysecret=去OSS控制台获取
java4all.file.bucketname1=java4all-file 这个自己创建bucket时的命名，控制台创建也行，代码创建也行
java4all.file.filehost=blog 文件路径，我这里是blog
3.ConstantProperties.java
这是我定义的常量类，读取配置文件application.properties中的配置，定义为常量，方便使用
package com.java4all.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Created by lightClouds917
* Date 2018/1/16
* Description:配置文件配置项
*/
@Component
public class ConstantProperties{
@Value("${java4all.file.endpoint}")
private String java4all_file_endpoint;
@Value("${java4all.file.keyid}")
private String java4all_file_keyid;
@Value("${java4all.file.keysecret}")
private String java4all_file_keysecret;
@Value("${java4all.file.filehost}")
private String java4all_file_filehost;
@Value("${java4all.file.bucketname1}")
private String java4all_file_bucketname1;
public static String JAVA4ALL_END_POINT;
public static String JAVA4ALL_ACCESS_KEY_ID;
public static String JAVA4ALL_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET;
public static String JAVA4ALL_BUCKET_NAME1;
public static String JAVA4ALL_FILE_HOST;
@PostConstruct
private void initial(){
JAVA4ALL_END_POINT = java4all_file_endpoint;
JAVA4ALL_ACCESS_KEY_ID = java4all_file_keyid;
JAVA4ALL_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = java4all_file_keysecret;
JAVA4ALL_FILE_HOST = java4all_file_filehost;
JAVA4ALL_BUCKET_NAME1 = java4all_file_bucketname1;
}
}
上传阿里云工具类：
package com.example.demo.common;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Random;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClient;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.ObjectMetadata;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2018/1/27 0027.
*/
public class OSSClientUtil {
Log log = LogFactory.getLog(OSSClientUtil.class);
// endpoint以杭州为例，其它region请按实际情况填写
protected static String endpoint = "http://oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com";
protected static String accessKeyId = "你的accessKeyId";
protected static String accessKeySecret = "你的accessKeySecret";
protected static String bucketName = "weishang-fc";
//文件存储目录
private String filedir = "imgupload/";
private OSSClient ossClient;
public OSSClientUtil() {
ossClient = new OSSClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
}
/**
* 初始化
*/
public void init() {
ossClient = new OSSClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
}
/**
* 销毁
*/
public void destory() {
ossClient.shutdown();
}
/**
* 上传图片
*
* @param url
*/
public void uploadImg2Oss(String url) throws Exception {
File fileOnServer = new File(url);
FileInputStream fin;
try {
fin = new FileInputStream(fileOnServer);
String[] split = url.split("/");
this.uploadFile2OSS(fin, split[split.length - 1]);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
throw new Exception("图片上传失败01");
}
}
public String uploadImg2Oss(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
if (file.getSize() > 1024 * 1024) {
throw new Exception("上传图片大小不能超过1M！");
}
String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
String substring = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".")).toLowerCase();
Random random = new Random();
String name = random.nextInt(10000) + System.currentTimeMillis() + substring;
try {
InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
this.uploadFile2OSS(inputStream, name);
return name;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new Exception("图片上传失败02");
}
}
/**
* 获得图片路径
*
* @param fileUrl
* @return
*/
public String getImgUrl(String fileUrl) {
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(fileUrl)) {
String[] split = fileUrl.split("/");
return this.getUrl(this.filedir + split[split.length - 1]);
}
return null;
}
/**
* 上传到OSS服务器 如果同名文件会覆盖服务器上的
*
* @param instream 文件流
* @param fileName 文件名称 包括后缀名
* @return 出错返回"" ,唯一MD5数字签名
*/
public String uploadFile2OSS(InputStream instream, String fileName) {
String ret = "";
try {
//创建上传Object的Metadata
ObjectMetadata objectMetadata = new ObjectMetadata();
objectMetadata.setContentLength(instream.available());
objectMetadata.setCacheControl("no-cache");
objectMetadata.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
objectMetadata.setContentType(getcontentType(fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."))));
objectMetadata.setContentDisposition("inline;filename=" + fileName);
//上传文件
PutObjectResult putResult = ossClient.putObject(bucketName, filedir + fileName, instream, objectMetadata);
ret = putResult.getETag();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (instream != null) {
instream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return ret;
}
/**
* Description: 判断OSS服务文件上传时文件的contentType
*
* @param FilenameExtension 文件后缀
* @return String
*/
public static String getcontentType(String FilenameExtension) {
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".bmp")) {
return "image/bmp";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".gif")) {
return "image/gif";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".jpeg") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".jpg") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".png")) {
return "image/jpeg";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".html")) {
return "text/html";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".txt")) {
return "text/plain";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".vsd")) {
return "application/vnd.visio";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".pptx") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".ppt")) {
return "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".docx") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".doc")) {
return "application/msword";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".xml")) {
return "text/xml";
}
return "image/jpeg";
}
/**
* 获得url链接
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public String getUrl(String key) {
// 设置URL过期时间为10年 3600l* 1000*24*365*10
Date expiration = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 3600l * 1000 * 24 * 365 * 10);
// 生成URL
URL url = ossClient.generatePresignedUrl(bucketName, key, expiration);
if (url != null) {
return url.toString();
}
return null;
}
}service：(这个根据需要，也可以省略直接在controller里面写)
@Service
public class UpDownServiceImpl {
private OSSClientUtil ossClient=new OSSClientUtil();
public String updateHead(MultipartFile file, long userId) throws Exception {
if (file == null || file.getSize() <= 0) {
throw new Exception("头像不能为空");
}
String name = ossClient.uploadImg2Oss(file);
String imgUrl = ossClient.getImgUrl(name);
//userDao.updateHead(userId, imgUrl);//只是本地上传使用的
return imgUrl;
}
}
controller：
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
//处理文件上传
@RequestMapping(value="/testuploadimg", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
/*public String uploadImg(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,
HttpServletRequest request) {*/
public Map<String, Object> headImgUpload(HttpServletRequest request,@RequestParam("file")MultipartFile file) {
Map<String, Object> value = new HashMap<String, Object>();
value.put("success", true);
value.put("errorCode", 0);
value.put("errorMsg", "");
try {
String head = upDownServiceImpl.updateHead(file, 4);//此处是调用上传服务接口，4是需要更新的userId 测试数据。
value.put("data", head);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
value.put("success", false);
value.put("errorCode", 200);
value.put("errorMsg", "图片上传失败");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return value;
}
}前端页面：
<!--文件上传-->
<div style="border: solid 1px">
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" th:action= "@{/user/testuploadimg}">图片<input type="file" name="file"/>
<input type="submit" value="上传"/>
</form>
</div>我自己捣鼓了半天的小坑：
bucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com 不要填类似这样的
应该直接填Endpoint，如：
oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com
我一直写成：
// endpoint以杭州为例，其它region请按实际情况填写
protected static String endpoint = "http://weishang-fc.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com";
protected static String accessKeyId = "xx";
protected static String accessKeySecret = "xx";
protected static String bucketName = "weishang-fc"; 正确应该是这样：
// endpoint以杭州为例，其它region请按实际情况填写
protected static String endpoint = "http://oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com";
protected static String accessKeyId = "xx";
protected static String accessKeySecret = "xx";
protected static String bucketName = "weishang-fc"; 这里只是简单的单个图片/文件的上传，记录下来，方便下次使用。