为什么使用Cookie：因为HTTP请求是没有状态的，每一次请求都是独立的。
什么是Cookie：Cookie就是保存在浏览器上的键值对，服务端控制着响应，在响应里添加一个键值对，让浏览器在本地保存，下一次请求的时候，自动携带这个键值对，是在浏览器端设置的，浏览器端也可以禁用Cookie。
Cookie的设置，以及使用装饰器验证浏览器的登录状态
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
# Create your views here.
def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
name = request.POST.get("name")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
if name == 'alex' and pwd == '123123':
next = request.GET.get('next')
print(next)
if next:
res = redirect(next)
res.set_signed_cookie("is_login","1",salt="s10nb"，max_age=10)
return res
res = redirect('/app01/home/')
res.set_signed_cookie("is_login","1",salt="s10nb" ,max_age=10)
return res
return render(request, 'app01/login.html')
def home(request):
res = request.get_signed_cookie("is_login",default="0",salt="s10nb")
if res == '1':
return render(request, 'app01/home.html')
else :
return redirect('/app01/login/')
def timmer(func):
def wrapper(request):
res = request.get_signed_cookie("is_login",default="0",salt="s10nb")
if res == '1':
ret = func(request)
return ret
else :
next_url = request.path_info
print(next_url)
return redirect('/app01/login/?next={}'.format(next_url))
return wrapper
@timmer
def index(request):
return render(request, 'app01/index.html')
默认关闭浏览器，Cookie值就失效，可以设置时长max_age=7*24*60*60(七天失效)
注销登录
def logout(request):
rep = redict("/app01/login/")
rep.delete_cookie('is_login')
return rep
Session
Session是保存在浏览器上的键值对，必须依赖Session，服务端生成的Cookie返回到浏览器，跟Cookie匹配的Session保存在服务器端，下次再登录时，根据Cookie获取Seeion值，存储的数据多，较为安全。
设置Session
request.session['is_login']='1'
获取Session值
首先获取Cookie的随机字符串，根据字符串的值去数据库取Seeion的数据，解密，把Session值反序列化成字典，然后在字典里可以根据key取值。
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
# Create your views here.
def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
name = request.POST.get("name")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
if name == 'alex' and pwd == '123123':
next = request.GET.get('next')
print(next)
if next:
res = redirect(next)
request.session['is_login']='1'
return res
res = redirect('/app02/home/')
request.session['is_login']='1'
return res
return render(request, 'app02/login.html')
def home(request):
res = request.session.get('is_login')
if res == '1':
return render(request, 'app02/home.html')
else :
return redirect('/app02/login/')
def timmer(func):
def wrapper(request):
res = request.session.get('is_login')
if res == '1':
ret = func(request)
return ret
else :
next_url = request.path_info
print(next_url)
return redirect('/app02/login/?next={}'.format(next_url))
return wrapper
@timmer
def index(request):
return render(request, 'app02/index.html')
注销登录，删除Session和Cookie数据
def logout(request):
request.session.flush() # request.session.delete()只删除session不删除cookie
return redirect("/app02/login")
request.session.set_expiry(value)
value如果是整数，就是多少秒之后失效
value如果是datatime或者timemelta，session就会在这个时间后失效
value如果是0，关闭浏览器就失效。
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE=129600 session的Cookie失效日期默认为2周。
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = True 设置后，每一次的请求都重新保存session
默认session修改后才重新保存
自定义分页
首选数据库批量创建数据
import os,sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "ajax_demo.settings")
import django
django.setup()
from app01 import models
objs = [models.Userinfo(name="第{}个".format(i)) for i in range(105)]
models.Userinfo.objects.bulk_create(objs,10)
views.py
#分页
def page_s(request):
objs = models.Userinfo.objects.all()
page_line = len(objs)
m,n = divmod(page_line,10)
page_sum = m
if n>0:
page_sum = m+1
# page_sum=[i for i in range(1,page_sum+1)]
Page_sum = page_sum+1
page_id = request.GET.get('page_id')
page_start = 0
page_end = 10
pro_page_id = 0
net_page_id = 2
page_sum_start = 1
page_sum_end = 11
if page_sum<11:
page_sum_end=page_sum
if page_id :
page_id = int(page_id)
page_start = (page_id-1)*10
page_end = (page_id)*10
pro_page_id = page_id-1
net_page_id = page_id+1
if page_id - 5 >0 and page_id +5 <=page_sum:
page_sum_start = page_id -5
page_sum_end = page_id +5
if page_id +5 >page_sum:
page_sum_start = page_sum-10
page_sum_end = page_sum
page_sum =[i for i in range(page_sum_start,page_sum_end+1)]
print(page_start,page_end)
objs = objs[page_start:page_end]
print(objs)
return render(request,'page_s.html',
{"objs":objs,
"page_sum":page_sum,
"pro_page_id":pro_page_id,
"net_page_id":net_page_id,
"Page_sum":Page_sum})
page_s.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for obj in objs %}
<tr>
<td>
{{ obj.name }}
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation" class="pull-right">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="/page_s/?page_id={{ pro_page_id }}" class="btn {% if pro_page_id == 0 %} disabled {% endif %} " aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
{% for page_sigle in page_sum %}
<li><a href="/page_s/?page_id={{ page_sigle }}">{{ page_sigle }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
<li>
<a href="/page_s/?page_id={{ net_page_id }}" class="btn {% if net_page_id == Page_sum %} disabled {% endif %} aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>