Linux中cx_oracle和sendEmail安装及操作

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一、cx_oracle安装及操作


操作系统:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.2 (Maipo)
python版本:python2.7
oracle版本:11g

1、简介与下载

oracle客户端是Oracle instant client, 除了安装basic package外, 还需要安装sdk包, 否则cx_oracle无法编译,其主要的功能是用来实现oracle数据库和python进行连接。

官网链接:https://cx-oracle.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#installing-cx-oracle-on-linux

cx_Oracle-5.2.1-11g-py27-1.x86_64.rpm(这个是python2.7,根据python版本下对应的):
官网下载链接:https://pypi.org/project/cx_Oracle/5.2.1/#files
# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/d8/3acdd4d3176a877a396647f55191549b8624f1157bf2e1ada6bb1f92615d/cx_Oracle-5.2.1-11g-py27-1.x86_64.rpm

下载地址:https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip:
# wget https://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/instantclient/11204/instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip?AuthParam=1542071440_6811e77c541321f8a3c1ac29cfb01fbe

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip:
# wget https://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/instantclient/11204/instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip?AuthParam=1542071548_c5cc6be3e8c987b70e582bff568d132e

其实就是下载好这几个包:cx_Oracle-5.2.1-11g-py27-1.x86_64.rpminstantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zipinstantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip,需要注册账号进行认证下载,我们可以通过此百度网盘链接下载到这3个包!!!

2、安装

# rpm -ivh cx_Oracle-5.2.1-11g-py27-1.x86_64.rpm         ###python包安装
# mkdir  /usr/local/oracle
# cd /usr/local/oracle

### 把刚才zip文件移动到这里
# unzip instantclient-sdk-linux-11.2.0.4.0.zip
# unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

### 加入环境变量
# vim /etc/profile                ###在末尾加入即可
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle/instantclient_11_2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME

# .  /etc/profile 或 source /etc/profile      ###声明环境变量
# cd /usr/local/oracle/instantclient_11_2
# ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so

3、测试

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Oct 11 2015, 17:47:16) 
[GCC 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cx_Oracle                         ###执行没有报错即为正确

提示:因为此处我们使用了环境变量来连接oracle数据库,因此我们在使用linux的定时任务时,需要先source /etc/profile在使用python+脚本来运行,eg:* * * * * source /etc/profile && /bin/python /home/oracle/scripts/test.py

4、脚本中使用操作

(1)oracle查询
$ sqlplus / as sysdba                                ###在oracle用户查看字符集
...
SQL> SELECT value$ FROM sys.props$ WHERE name = 'NLS_CHARACTERSET' ;
VALUE$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZHS16GBK

SQL> show parameter service_names;                    ###查看service_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      dream
(2)操作
import csv
import cx_Oracle
import os
import datetime

### 昨天
yesterday_time = int((datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%Y%m%d0000'))

### 改变字符集,否则执行的命令结果会乱码(即使oracle字符集为ZHS16GBK)
os.environ['NLS_LANG'] = 'SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.UTF8'

### 实现以python脚本的路径来做相对路径
test_csv = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]+ "/csv_data/" + "test.csv"

### 连接到oracle库;格式:用户名/密码@IP:端口/service_name
connection = "TEST/[email protected]/dream"
orcl = cx_Oracle.connect(connection)
curs = orcl.cursor()

### 如果我们sql很长,我们想把时间变量传入进去,我们使用"""来进行块注释,然后通过“+”来拼接和双引号传参数
sql_test = """
sql内容
""" + "AND TIME_ID = %s" %(yesterday_time) + """
    sql内容
"""

### 执行sql
curs.execute(sql_test)

### 我们看到我们sql的执行结果,做出对应的写入之类的操作
for i in curs:
    print (i)

二、sendEmail安装及操作


1、安装

# wget http://caspian.dotconf.net/menu/Software/SendEmail/sendEmail-v1.56.tar.gz
# tar xf sendEmail-v1.56.tar.gz
# cd sendEmail-v1.56/
# mv sendEmail /usr/local/bin/ 

2、发送邮件

(1)直接发送
sendEmail -f 主题名 -t 收件人 \
    -s smtp.163.com(也可以写mail服务器IP) -u "邮件主题" -o message-content-type=html \
    -o message-charset=utf8 -xu 账号 -xp 密码 -m "邮件内容"
参数说明:
/usr/local/bin/sendEmail      命令主程序
-f                          发件人邮箱
-s smtp.163.com            发件人邮箱的smtp服务器或者IP
-u "邮件主题"               邮件的标题
-o message-content-type=html   邮件内容的格式,html表示它是html格式
-o message-charset=utf8        邮件内容编码
-xu 账号                       发件人邮箱的用户名
-xp 密码                      发件人邮箱密码
-m "邮件内容"                  邮件的具体内容
(2)脚本发送csv文件

此处我的test.csv是个csv文件即以逗号为分割的文件,下面的方式我们可以完成附件的发送,subject变量是解决标题乱码!!!

#!/bin/bash
result="/home/oracle/scripts/csv_data/test.csv"
subject=`echo -n "哈哈哈" | base64`
/usr/local/bin/sendEmail -f 主题名 -s IP:25 -u "=?utf-8?b?${subject}?=" -o message-content-type=html -o message-charset=utf-8 -xu 账号 -xp 密码 -t 收件人  -m `cat ${result}` -a ${result}

其他参数:

  Required:
    -f ADDRESS                from (sender) email address
    * At least one recipient required via -t, -cc, or -bcc
    * Message body required via -m, STDIN, or -o message-file=FILE

  Common:
    -t ADDRESS [ADDR ...]     to email address(es)
    -u SUBJECT                message subject
    -m MESSAGE                message body
    -s SERVER[:PORT]          smtp mail relay, default is localhost:25

  Optional:
    -a   FILE [FILE ...]      file attachment(s)
    -cc  ADDRESS [ADDR ...]   cc  email address(es)
    -bcc ADDRESS [ADDR ...]   bcc email address(es)
    -xu  USERNAME             username for SMTP authentication
    -xp  PASSWORD             password for SMTP authentication

  Paranormal:
    -b BINDADDR[:PORT]        local host bind address
    -l LOGFILE                log to the specified file
    -v                        verbosity, use multiple times for greater effect
    -q                        be quiet (i.e. no STDOUT output)
    -o NAME=VALUE             advanced options, for details try: --help misc
        -o message-content-type=<auto|text|html>
        -o message-file=FILE         -o message-format=raw
        -o message-header=HEADER     -o message-charset=CHARSET
        -o reply-to=ADDRESS          -o timeout=SECONDS
        -o username=USERNAME         -o password=PASSWORD
        -o tls=<auto|yes|no>         -o fqdn=FQDN


  Help:
    --help                    the helpful overview you're reading now
    --help addressing         explain addressing and related options
    --help message            explain message body input and related options
    --help networking         explain -s, -b, etc
    --help output             explain logging and other output options
    --help misc               explain -o options, TLS, SMTP auth, and more

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转载自blog.csdn.net/Dream_ya/article/details/84285724