版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明出处。 https://blog.csdn.net/lylodyf/article/details/70053205
Shader概述
Shader是绘图过程中的着色器，实现绘制各种不同的效果，比如镜像，水波纹，雷达等等，Shader有以下五个子类：
- BitmapShader用于Bitmap图片的渲染
- ComposeShader用于混合渲染
- LinearGradient用于线性渲染
- RadialGradient用于环形渲染
- SweepGradient用于梯度渲染
Shader的三种模式TileMode
- CLAMP 当绘制的区域超过了原始的大小，超出的区域就会用边缘的颜色进行拉伸
- REPEAT 重复水平或者竖直方向的图片
- MIRROR 用图片的镜像填充
BitmapShader
构造方法
BitmapShader(Bitmap bitmap, TileMode tileX, TileMode tileY)
- bitmap：需要着色的位图
- tileX：X方向的填充模式
- tileY：Y方向的填充模式
实例
这是一个充值后的影魔，直接看看代码的实现：
public class ShaderView extends View {
Bitmap mBitmap;
BitmapShader mBitmapShader;
Paint mPaint;
int mWidth;
int mHeight;
public ShaderView(Context context) {
super(context);
init();
}
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.test);
mBitmapShader = new BitmapShader(mBitmap, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP, Shader.TileMode.MIRROR);
}
public ShaderView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
mWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
mHeight = getMeasuredHeight();
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
mPaint.setShader(mBitmapShader);
canvas.drawRect(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight, mPaint);
}
}这里的X轴采用的是CLAMP，所以右边是拉伸边缘的像素点，Y轴采用的是MIRROR，上下都是镜像的。
现在我们把drawRect注释点，来绘制一个圆
// canvas.drawRect(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight, mPaint);
canvas.drawCircle(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2, mWidth / 2, mPaint);
可以看到以上的效果，所以可不可以这样理解呢，这里的BitmapShader就是给绘制的内容加上我们所设置的Bitmap作为背景。
RadialGradient
主要用于在某一区域内实现环形的渐变效果，RadialGradient的意思是放射渐变，即它会向一个放射源一样，从一个点开始向外从一个颜色渐变成另一种颜色。
构造方法
RadialGradient(float centerX, float centerY, float radius,int centerColor, int edgeColor, TileMode tileMode)
- centerX：渐变中心点X坐标
- centerY：渐变中心点Y坐标
- radius：渐变半径
- centerColor：渐变中心的颜色，取值类型必须是八位的0xAARRGGBB色值
- edgeColor：渐变结束的颜色
- tileMode：填充的模式RadialGradient(float centerX, float centerY, float radius,int colors[], float stops[], @NonNull TileMode tileMode)
- int[] colors：表示所需要的渐变颜色数组
- float[] stops：表示每个渐变颜色所在的位置百分点，取值0-1
示例
下面是两种构造函数实现的
代码
public class RadialGradientView extends View {
private RadialGradient mRadialGradient;
private Paint mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
int mWidth;
int mHeight;
public RadialGradientView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public RadialGradientView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
mWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
mHeight = getMeasuredHeight();
// mRadialGradient = new RadialGradient(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2, mWidth / 2, 0xffff0000, 0xff00ff00, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
int[] colors = new int[]{0xffff0000, 0xff00ff00, 0xff0000ff, 0xffffff00};
float[] stops = new float[]{0f, 0.3f, 0.7f, 1f};
mRadialGradient = new RadialGradient(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2, mWidth / 2, colors, stops, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT);
mPaint.setShader(mRadialGradient);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawCircle(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2, mWidth / 2, mPaint);
}
}再次修改一下
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
mWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
mHeight = getMeasuredHeight();
int[] colors = new int[]{0xffff0000, 0xff00ff00, 0xff0000ff, 0xffffff00};
float[] stops = new float[]{0f, 0.3f, 0.7f, 1f};
mRadialGradient = new RadialGradient(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2, 200, colors, stops, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT);
mPaint.setShader(mRadialGradient);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0,0,mWidth,mHeight),mPaint);
}效果如下
水波纹效果实现
代码如下，就不多说了
public class RippleView extends TextView {
private int mX, mY;
private ObjectAnimator mAnimator;
private int DEFAULT_RADIUS = 50;
private int mCurRadius = 0;
private RadialGradient mRadialGradient;
private Paint mPaint = new Paint();
public RippleView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public RippleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (mX != event.getX() || mY != event.getY()) {
mX = (int) event.getX();
mY = (int) event.getY();
setRadius(DEFAULT_RADIUS);
}
if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
//如果不返回true，后续的事件收不到
return true;
} else if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
if (mAnimator != null && mAnimator.isRunning()) {
mAnimator.cancel();
}
if (mAnimator == null) {
//这里第一个对象传递当前对象，在当前对象中设置了setRadius方法，所以这里传递radius
//每当值变化时就会调用这个setRadius方法
mAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofInt(this, "radius", DEFAULT_RADIUS, getWidth());
}
mAnimator.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());
mAnimator.addListener(new Animator.AnimatorListener() {
@Override
public void onAnimationStart(Animator animation) {
}
@Override
public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
setRadius(0);
}
@Override
public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animation) {
}
@Override
public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {
}
});
mAnimator.start();
}
return super.onTouchEvent(event);
}
//注意这里的方法名必须是setRadius
public void setRadius(final int radius) {
mCurRadius = radius;
if (mCurRadius > 0) {
mRadialGradient = new RadialGradient(mX, mY, mCurRadius, 0x00FFFFFF, 0xFF58FAAC, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
mPaint.setShader(mRadialGradient);
}
invalidate();
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawCircle(mX, mY, mCurRadius, mPaint);
}
}LinearGradient
线性渲染，对某一区域实现线性渐变效果。
构造函数
LinearGradient(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, int color0, int color1,TileMode tile)
- x0,y0是渐变的起点坐标
- x1,y1是渐变的终点坐标
- color0是开始颜色
- color1是结束颜色
LinearGradient(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, int colors[], float positions[],TileMode tile)
- colors和positions意义和之前的RadialGradient一样。
示例
public class LinearGradientView extends View {
Paint mPaint = new Paint();
LinearGradient mLinearGradient;
int[] colors = new int[]{
0xFFFF0000,
0xffFF7F00,
0xffFFFF00,
0xff00FF00,
0xff00FFFF,
0xff0000FF,
0xff8B00FF};
public LinearGradientView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public LinearGradientView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
if (mLinearGradient == null) {
mLinearGradient = new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 400, colors, null, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
mPaint.setShader(mLinearGradient);
}
canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0,0,getWidth(),getHeight()),mPaint);
}
}霓虹文字效果
这里实现主要是继承TextView，获得它绘制文字的Paint，给这个Paint设置LinearGradient的Shader，把这个Shader从左边开始向右移动，实现霓虹效果。
public class LinearGradientText extends TextView {
Paint mPaint;
LinearGradient mLinearGradient;
private Matrix mMatrix;
private int mX;
public LinearGradientText(Context context) {
super(context);
init();
}
public LinearGradientText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
private void init() {
//注意这里必须是TextView的Paint，因为绘制文字就是用这个Paint
mPaint = getPaint();
mMatrix = new Matrix();
}
private void initAnimtor(int width) {
ValueAnimator animator = ValueAnimator.ofInt(0, width * 2); //我们设置value的值为0-getMeasureWidth的3 倍
animator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
@Override
public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
mX = (Integer) animation.getAnimatedValue();
postInvalidate();
}
});
animator.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.RESTART); //重新播放
animator.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE); //无限循环
animator.setDuration(2000);
animator.start();
}
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
//设置LinearGradient,绘制的范围这里设置的是-w到w，相当于两个宽度，然后把Shader向右移动实现了效果
mLinearGradient = new LinearGradient(-w, 0, w, 0, new int[]{getCurrentTextColor(), Color.RED, Color.YELLOW, Color.BLUE, getCurrentTextColor(),}
, null, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
mPaint.setShader(mLinearGradient);
initAnimtor(w);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
mMatrix.reset();
mMatrix.preTranslate(mX, 0);
mLinearGradient.setLocalMatrix(mMatrix);
}
}SweepGradient
梯度渲染，是指在某一中心以x轴正方向逆时针旋转一周而形成的扫描效果的渲染形式
构造函数
SweepGradient(float cx, float cy, int colors[], float positions[])
- cx,cy：中心坐标点
- colors、positions同样和之前一样
SweepGradient(float cx, float cy, int color0, int color1)
- cx，cy中心坐标点
- color0、color1开始和结束的颜色
简单示例
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
width = w;
height = h;
mSweepGradient = new SweepGradient(w / 2, h / 2, colors, null);
mPaint.setShader(mSweepGradient);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0, 0, width, height), mPaint);
}雷达扫描实现
/**
* Created by lzy on 2017/4/13.
*/
public class RadarView extends View {
private static final int MSG_WHAT = 10086;
private static final int DELAY_TIME = 20;
//设置默认宽高，雷达一般都是圆形，所以我们下面取宽高会去Math.min(宽,高)
private final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 200;
private final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
private int mRadarRadius; //雷达的半径
private Paint mRadarPaint;//雷达画笔
private Paint mRadarBg;//雷达底色画笔
private int radarCircleCount = 4;//雷达圆圈的个数，默认4个
private int mRadarLineColor = Color.WHITE; //雷达线条的颜色，默认为白色
private int mRadarBgColor = Color.BLACK; //雷达圆圈背景色
private Shader radarShader; //paintShader
//雷达扫描时候的起始和终止颜色
private int startColor = 0x0000ff00;
private int endColor = 0xaa00ff00;
public RadarView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public RadarView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public RadarView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
init(context, attrs);
mRadarPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); //设置抗锯齿
mRadarPaint.setColor(mRadarLineColor); //画笔颜色
mRadarPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE); //设置空心的画笔，只画圆边
mRadarPaint.setStrokeWidth(2); //画笔宽度
mRadarBg = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); //设置抗锯齿
mRadarBg.setColor(mRadarBgColor); //画笔颜色
mRadarBg.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); //设置空心的画笔，只画圆边
radarShader = new SweepGradient(0, 0, startColor, endColor);
matrix = new Matrix();
}
//初始化，拓展可设置参数供布局使用
private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
if (attrs != null) {
TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.RadarView);
startColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.RadarView_startColor, startColor);
endColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.RadarView_endColor, endColor);
mRadarBgColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.RadarView_bgColor, mRadarBgColor);
mRadarLineColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.RadarView_lineColor, mRadarLineColor);
radarCircleCount = ta.getInteger(R.styleable.RadarView_circleCount, radarCircleCount);
ta.recycle();
}
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
int width = measureSize(1, DEFAULT_WIDTH, widthMeasureSpec);
int height = measureSize(0, DEFAULT_HEIGHT, heightMeasureSpec);
int measureSize = Math.max(width, height); //取最大的 宽|高
setMeasuredDimension(measureSize, measureSize);
}
/**
* 测绘measure
*
* @param specType 1为宽， 其他为高
* @param contentSize 默认值
*/
private int measureSize(int specType, int contentSize, int measureSpec) {
int result;
//获取测量的模式和Size
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
result = Math.max(contentSize, specSize);
} else {
result = contentSize;
if (specType == 1) {
// 根据传人方式计算宽
result += (getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight());
} else {
// 根据传人方式计算高
result += (getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom());
}
}
return result;
}
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
mRadarRadius = Math.min(w / 2, h / 2);
}
//旋转的角度
private int rotateAngel = 0;
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.translate(mRadarRadius, mRadarRadius); //将画板移动到屏幕的中心点
mRadarBg.setShader(null);
canvas.drawCircle(0, 0, mRadarRadius, mRadarBg); //绘制底色(默认为黑色)，可以使雷达的线看起来更清晰
for (int i = 1; i <= radarCircleCount; i++) { //根据用户设定的圆个数进行绘制
canvas.drawCircle(0, 0, (float) (i * 1.0 / radarCircleCount * mRadarRadius), mRadarPaint); //画圆圈
}
canvas.drawLine(-mRadarRadius, 0, mRadarRadius, 0, mRadarPaint); //绘制雷达基线 x轴
canvas.drawLine(0, mRadarRadius, 0, -mRadarRadius, mRadarPaint); //绘制雷达基线 y轴
// canvas.rotate(rotateAngel,0,0);
//设置颜色渐变从透明到不透明
mRadarBg.setShader(radarShader);
canvas.concat(matrix);
canvas.drawCircle(0, 0, mRadarRadius, mRadarBg);
}
private Matrix matrix;
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
rotateAngel += 3;
postInvalidate();
matrix.reset();
matrix.preRotate(rotateAngel, 0, 0);
mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_WHAT, DELAY_TIME);
}
};
public void startScan() {
mHandler.removeMessages(MSG_WHAT);
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_WHAT);
}
public void stopScan() {
mHandler.removeMessages(MSG_WHAT);
}
}ComposeShader
组合渲染
构造函数
ComposeShader(Shader shaderA, Shader shaderB, Xfermode mode)
- shaderA ：渲染器A
- shaderB ：渲染器B
- Xfermode ：两种渲染器组合的模式,Xfermode对象
ComposeShader(Shader shaderA, Shader shaderB, Mode mode)- Mode ：两种渲染器组合的模式,ProterDuff.Mode对象
简单实例
这里是结合了BitmapShader和LinearGradient实现的效果public class ComposeShaderView extends View { Bitmap mBitmap; BitmapShader mBitmapShader; Paint mPaint; LinearGradient mLinearGradient; ComposeShader mComposeShader; int mWidth; int mHeight; public ComposeShaderView(Context context) { super(context); init(); } public ComposeShaderView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); init(); } private void init() { mBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.test_3); mBitmapShader = new BitmapShader(mBitmap, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP); mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); mWidth = w; mHeight = h; mLinearGradient = new LinearGradient(0, 0, w, h, new int[] { Color.WHITE, Color.LTGRAY, Color.TRANSPARENT, Color.GREEN }, null, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP); mComposeShader = new ComposeShader(mBitmapShader, mLinearGradient, PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY); mPaint.setShader(mComposeShader); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); canvas.drawOval(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight, mPaint); } }
