Elasticsearch语法

Elasticsearch

Elasticsearch是一个采用Restful API标准的高扩展性、高实用性及高实时性的实时数据分析的全文搜索工具，现在ES官方有非常健全的ES教材文档，从搭建到集成Kibana、logstash等组件，再到Restful API的使用，包括倒排索引等概念都有非常齐全的说明，笔者就不再赘述。

1. 官方教程地址：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

2. 笔者更推荐：https://es.xiaoleilu.com/

以下是笔者在翻阅过以上API后提取并简化后的Handler语法

核心语法

必须要全部小写，也不能以下划线开头，不能包含逗号。
数据类型
- 核心数据类型（Core datatypes）
  1. 字符型（String datatype）：string
  2. 数字型（Numeric datatypes）：long, integer, short, byte, double, float
  3. 日期型（Date datatype）：date
  4. 布尔型（Boolean datatype）：boolean
  5. 二进制型（Binary datatype）：binary
  6. 复杂数据类型（Complex datatypes）
- 数组类型（Array datatype）：数组类型不需要专门指定数组元素的type，例如：
  1. 字符型数组: [ “one”, “two” ]
  2. 整型数组：[ 1, 2 ]
  3. 数组型数组：[ 1, [ 2, 3 ]] 等价于[ 1, 2, 3 ]
  4. 对象数组：[ { “name”: “Mary”, “age”: 12 }, { “name”: “John”, “age”: 10 }]
- 对象类型（Object datatype）： object 用于单个JSON对象
- 嵌套类型（Nested datatype）： nested 用于JSON数组
- 地理位置类型（Geo datatypes）
- 地理坐标类型（Geo-point datatype）： geo_point 用于经纬度坐标
- 地理形状类型（Geo-Shape datatype）： geo_shape 用于类似于多边形的复杂形状
- IPv4 类型（IPv4 datatype）： ip 用于IPv4 地址
- 还有一些数据类型很少领域会用到，已屏蔽
集群健康

curl -XGET http://ip:port/_cluster/health
或
curl -XGET http://ip:port/_cluster/health?level=shards&wait_for_status=green

索引的操作

初始化index_setting

curl -XPUT "http://ip:port/megacorp/"
{"settings":
	{"index":
		{
			"number_of_shards":5,
			考虑机器扩容
			"number_of_replicas":1
			考虑机器效率，不大于机器总量
			"translog.durability":"async",
			"translog.sync_interval":"5s"
			"blocks.onetype":true
			对onetype禁止操作
			"blocks.read":true
			对本index禁止读
			"blocks.write":true
			对本index禁止写
			"blocks.read_only":1\true
			对本index禁止读写
		}
	}
}

查询index_settings


curl -XGET "http://ip:port/megacorp,megacorp2/_settings?pretty"
	curl -XGET "http://ip:port/_all/_settings?pretty"

初始化index_mapping


curl -XPUT "http://ip:port/megacorp/"
{"settings":
	{"index":
		{
			"number_of_shards":4,
			"number_of_replicas":3
		}
	},
"mappings":{
	"worker":
		{
			"dynamic":"true",
			"properties":{
				"name":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"standard"},   
				"age":{"type":"integer","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"sex":{"type":"integer","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"addr":{"type":"string","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"date":{"type":"long","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"num":{"type":"object","dynamic":"true",
					"properties":{
						"id":{"type":"string"},
						"gender":{"type":"string"},
						"age":{"type":"long"},
						"name":{
							"type":"object",
							"properties":{
								"full":{"type":"string"},
								"first":{"type":"string"},
								"last":{"type":"string"}
							}
						}
					}
				},
				"location": {
				  "type":               "geo_point",
				  "geohash_prefix":     true, 
				  "geohash_precision":  "1km" 
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

使用分词器


curl -XPUT 'http://ip:port/iktest?pretty' -d '{
"settings":{
	    "index":
		{
			"number_of_shards":1,
			"number_of_replicas":1
		},
	    "analysis" : {
            "analyzer" : {
                "ik" : {
                    "tokenizer" : "ik_max_word"
                }
            }
        }
	},
"mappings":{
	"worker":
		{
			"dynamic":"strict",
			"properties":{
				"name":{"type":"string","index":"analyzed","analyzer":"standard"},
				"age":{"type":"integer","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"sex":{"type":"integer","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"addr":{"type":"string","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"date":{"type":"long","index":"not_analyzed"},
				"num":{"type":"object","dynamic":"true"},
				"location": {"type":"geo_point"}
			}
		}
		
	}
}'

查询index_mapping


curl -XGET http://ip:port/_all/_mapping?pretty
curl -XGET http://ip:port/partment/_mapping?pretty

删除mapping


curl -XDELETE http://ip:port/partment/_mapping

索引数据CRUD操作

添加数据


curl -XPOST 'ip:port/index/type/_bulk?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'				
{ "index": { "_id": 1 ,"_version":3 }}
{"name":"The quick brown fox","age":18,"sex":2,"addr":"北京","date":1388534400000}
{ "index": { "_id": 2 ,"_version":3 }}
{"name":"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog","age":19,"sex":1,"addr":"上海","date":1391212800000}
{ "index": { "_id": 3 ,"_version":3 }}
{"name":"The quick brown fox jumps over the quick dog","age":22,"sex":1,"addr":"北京","date":1398902400000}
{ "index": { "_id": 4 ,"_version":3 }}
{"name":"Brown fox brown dog","age":11,"sex":1,"addr":"北京","date":1404172800000}
'

取回多个文档


curl -XGET 'ip:port/_mget?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
   "docs" : [
      {
         "_index" : "website",
         "_type" :  "blog",
         "_id" :    2
      },
      {
         "_index" : "website",
         "_type" :  "pageviews",
         "_id" :    1,
         "_source": "views"
      }
   ]
}
'

更新文档


curl -XPOST 'ip:port/index/type/_bulk?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"update":{"_id":1}}
'

删除文档


curl -XPOST 'ip:port/index/type/_bulk?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"delete":{"_id":1}}
'

查询条件

分词器的分隔粒度控制
analyzer=ik_max_word 最大粒度
analyzer=ik_smart 适中粒度


curl -XGET 'ip:port/index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
	"text":"好记性不如烂笔头"
}
'

搜索条件过于繁多，笔者将其整理为一个文档，免费提供给大家。当然，只适用ES-5.x和ES-1.x，其它版本的语法会有所差别，以下是地址：
https://github.com/yuzhou152/elasticsearch-grammar.git

Elasticsearch

核心语法

索引的操作

索引数据CRUD操作

查询条件

猜你喜欢