RAC 12.1 静默安装手册--linux7.5

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此篇相当于是我的安装记录，也是我的安装手册

以前总是装库总是零零散散的，word，官方文档搜来搜去，还是写成txt，还是txt好！

1.
#vi /etc/sysconfig/network   --linux6上
#NETWORKING=yes
#HOSTNAME=test12c1

vi /etc/hostname  linux7上

hostname test12c1

vi /etc/hosts
10.174.26.194   test12c1
10.174.26.195   test12c2
192.168.100.10   test12c1-priv
192.168.100.11   test12c2-priv
10.174.26.196   test12c1-vip
10.174.26.197   test12c2-vip
10.174.26.198   test12c-scan

2.
[root@redhat7 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

vi /etc/selinux/config     
SELINUX=disabled

3.
yum install -y \
binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \
gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh \
libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 \
libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 \
libXext libXext.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 \
libXau libXau.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 \
make sysstat nfs-utils \
ftp \
elfutils-libelf-devel \

4.
groupadd -g 501 dba
groupadd -g 502 oinstall
groupadd -g 503 asmadmin
groupadd -g 504 asmdba
groupadd -g 505 asmoper
--usermod -a -G asmoper grid
 useradd  -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
echo "oracle"|passwd --stdin oracle
echo "grid"|passwd --stdin grid

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle
mkdir -p /oracle/app/12.1/grid
mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/12.1
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /oracle

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unzip p*

5.
.bash_profile
oracle:
umask 022
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export TMP TMPDIR
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2/dbhome_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LANG=en_US
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
export ORACLE_SID=stu12c01
grid:
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/12.1
export GRID_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LANG=en_US
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
alias rm='rm -i' 

6.
最佳实践
--limits memlock应该比实际内存更大，单位kb
vi /etc/security/limit.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 4096
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 4096
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 32768
grid hard stack 32768

/etc/pam.d/login
session    required     pam_limits.so

/etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ] || [ $USER = "root" ]; then
        if  [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];  then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

7.
kernel.shmmax = 15461882265      --内存的 90%，比共享内存大，比物理内存小
kernel.shmall = 3774873    ----getconf PAGESIZE获取内存页大小， 15461882265/4096=3774873
gd-- kernel.shmmni = 4096   
gd-- net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 
gd-- net.core.rmem_default= 262144
gd-- net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
gd-- net.core.wmem_default= 262144
gd-- net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
kernel.sem= 250 32000 100 128
gd-- fs.file-max= 6815744
gd-- fs.aio-max-nr=4194304
vm.nr_hugepages = 8192  --大页，内存较大时设置大页会提高数据库的性能,16g的库就不设置了

--检查大页数量 grep  -i huge /proc/meminfo

 sysctl -p
 
8.
ssh-keygen
 ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub test12c2
 ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub test12c1
  ssh test12c1 date;ssh test12c2 date
  
9.

/etc/ntpd.conf
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 11
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
broadcatdelay 0.008

/etc/ntpd.conf
server 10.174.26.194  prefer
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
broadcastdelay 0.008

 systemctl ntpd restart
[root@test12c1 ~]# ntpstat
synchronised to local net at stratum 12 
   time correct to within 7948 ms
   polling server every 64 s

10.未使用multipath，这里忽略
[root@test12c1 ~]#  rpm -qa |grep device-mapper
device-mapper-libs-1.02.146-4.el7.x86_64
device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-119.el7.x86_64
device-mapper-persistent-data-0.7.3-3.el7.x86_64
device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.146-4.el7.x86_64
device-mapper-1.02.146-4.el7.x86_64
device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-119.el7.x86_64
device-mapper-event-1.02.146-4.el7.x86_64

mpathconf --enable --with_multipathd y
systemctl restart multipathd

11.
--rhel7已不可用 KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c29ef8ec01e9d79731bb9afa661f",NAME="/dev/asmdata1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c29ef8ec01e9d79731bb9afa661f", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdata01 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdata01; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdata01'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c290d73dc2b7cd69012f2f94b343", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdata02 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdata02; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdata02'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c29aad913b63c1ce01b43adcd164", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdata03 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdata03; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdata03'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c29a71776e88600815cac39961ed", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmvote01 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmvote01; chmod 0660 /dev/asmvote01'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c298f16db97f888eecb6094318f8", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmvote02 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmvote02; chmod 0660 /dev/asmvote02'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c2938b1a50299d4bc77a966ed743", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmvote03 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmvote03; chmod 0660 /dev/asmvote03'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c296501bb41132a34ddf95e338f8", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmvote04 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmvote04; chmod 0660 /dev/asmvote04'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c2907ec0c78fd5bf51f0603a2317", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmvote05 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmvote05; chmod 0660 /dev/asmvote05'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block",  PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",  RESULT=="36000c29575bfd0c92c44985540f5407b", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmvote06 b  $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmvote06; chmod 0660 /dev/asmvote06'"

/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
/sbin/udevadm control --reload
ls -lrt /dev/asm*

12.
oracle.install.option=CRS_CONFIG  --CRS_SWONLY只会在本地安装软件，在执行root.sh的时候会多几步
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/12.1/grid
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/app/oraInventory
oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba
oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmadmin
oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmoper    --12c中3个组必须不同
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=1521
oracle.install.crs.config.ClusterType=STANDARD
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=test-cluster
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes=test12c1:test12c1-vip,test12c2:test12c2-vip
oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=ens192:10.174.26.0:1,ens224:192.168.100.0:2,virbr0:192.168.122.0:3
oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=LOCAL_ASM_STORAGE  --不明白CLIENT_ASM_STORAGE什么意思
oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false
oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=Oracle1234
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=votedg
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=NORMAL
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=1    --每个磁盘组可以设置不同的au，data可以调大一些
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/asmvote01,/dev/asmvote02,/dev/asmvote03,/dev/asmvote04,/dev/asmvote05,/dev/asmvote06
oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=Oracle1234   --必须大于8位的复杂密码
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/asm*
oracle.install.config.managementOption=NONE

grid:
./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n test12c1,test12c2 -fixup -verbose

grid:
nohup ./runInstaller -responseFile /oracle/soft/grid/response/grid_install.rsp -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress &

root：
/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
 /oracle/app/12.1/grid/root.sh
 
 
 
 
 
 
 **********************************deinstall crs*********************************************************
  perl /oracle/app/12.1/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -deconfig -force
  /oracle/app/12.1/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -verbose -force

rm -rf $INVENTORY
rm -rf $ORACLE_BASE
rm -rf $ORACLE_HOME
rm -rf /etc/ora*
rm -rf /tmp/*
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/dbhome
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/oraenv
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/coraenv

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/12.1
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /oracle

  
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmvote01
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmvote02
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmvote03
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmvote04
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmvote05
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmvote06
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmdata01
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmdata02
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmdata03
 **********************************************************************************************
 
 *************************************create diskgroup datadg*****************************************

--create dg后要在各个asm实例查看disk状态
create diskgroup datadg external redundancy disk '/dev/asmdata01','/dev/asmdata02','/dev/asmdata03';
drop diskgroup datadg;

dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmdata01
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmdata02
dd if=/dev/zero count=10 bs=512 of=/dev/asmdata03

 
  *******************************************oracle dbsoft install*********************************************

oracle： 
 unzip oraclesoft

db_install.rsp :
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=ADMIN_MANAGED
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=test12c1,test12c2
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=stu12c
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=stu12c1,stu12c2
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=true   --cdb
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName= --可以暂时不写，建好库后在create pdb
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true  --amm为true，否为false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=6553  --16g*40%*1024 单位m --没用，dbca的时候才设置大小
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Oracle1234
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=Oracle1234
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=DEFAULT
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=ASM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=DATADG
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true  --需要设置true（默认是false）

grid:
./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre dbinst -n test12c1,test12c2 -fixup -verbose
oracle:
nohup ./runInstaller -responseFile /oracle/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress &

  *************************************oracle db install**************************************
监听：lsnrctl status发现有监听了，监听了asm实例，可不用敲下面的命令
grid:netca -silent -responsefile /grid/app/11.2.0/grid/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

dbca：

--non pdb
 dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -initparams db_create_file_dest='+datadg' -sysPassword Oracle1234 -systemPassword Oracle1234 -asmsnmpPassword Oracle1234  -diskGroupName 'DATADG'  -initparams db_create_online_log_dest_1='+datadg' -gdbname studydb -sid studydb -responseFile NO_VALUE -characterSet ZHS16GBK  -nationalCharacterSet AL16UTF16 -memoryPercentage 30 -emConfiguration NONE -storageType ASM -nodeinfo ntracd01,ntracd02

--静默删库

dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb stu12c

--创建pdb模式的库

 dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -createAsContainerDatabase true -initparams db_create_file_dest='+votedg' -initparams db_create_online_log_dest_1='+votedg'  -initparams audit_trail=NONE -initparams processes=600 -nodelist test12c1,test12c2 -databaseConfType rac -sysPassword Oracle1234 -systemPassword Oracle1234  -gdbname stu12c -sid stu12c -responseFile NO_VALUE -characterSet AL16UTF16  -nationalCharacterSet ZHS16GBK -totalMemory 6553  -emConfiguration none -storageType ASM  -diskGroupName VOTEDG