多表查询
SQL> --工资总额
SQL> select sum(sal) from emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> --人数
SQL> select count(*) from emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
SQL> --平均工资
SQL> select sum(sal)/count(*) 一,avg(sal) 二 from emp;
一 二
---------- ----------
2073.21429 2073.21429
SQL> --平均奖金
SQL> select sum(comm)/count(*) 一,sum(comm)/count(comm) 二,avg(comm) 三
2 from emp;
一 二 三
---------- ---------- ----------
157.142857 550 550
SQL> select count(*), count(comm) from emp;
COUNT(*) COUNT(COMM)
---------- -----------
14 4
SQL> select * from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
已选择 14 行。
SQL> --null值 5. 组函数会自动滤空；
SQL> select count(*), count(nvl(comm,0)) from emp;
COUNT(*) COUNT(NVL(COMM,0))
---------- ------------------
14 14
SQL> --null值 5. 组函数会自动滤空；可以嵌套滤空函数来屏蔽他的滤空功能
SQL> host cls
SQL> --每个部门的平均工资
SQL> select deptno,avg(sal)
2 from emp
3 group by deptno;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
30 1566.66667
20 2175
10 2916.66667
SQL> --多个列的分组
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal)
2 from emp
3 group by deptno,job
4 order by 1;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
已选择 9 行。
SQL> --多个列的分组: 先按照第一个列分组，如果相同，再第二个列分组，以此类推
SQL> --查询平均工资大于2000的部门
SQL> select deptno,avg(sal)
2 from emp
3 group by deptno
4 having avg(sal) > 2000;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
20 2175
10 2916.66667
SQL> --where和having的区别：where不能使用多行函数
SQL> --查询10号部门的平均工资
SQL> select deptno,avg(sal)
2 from emp
3 group by deptno
4 having deptno=10;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf
1 select deptno,avg(sal)
2 from emp
3 where deptno=10
4* group by deptno
SQL> /
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
SQL> --SQL优化 3. 尽量使用where
SQL> host cls
SQL> /*
SQL> group by 的增强
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno,job
SQL> +
SQL> select deptno,sum(sal) from emp group by deptno
SQL> +
SQL> select sum(sal) from emp
SQL>
SQL> ====
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job)
SQL>
SQL> 抽象
SQL> group by rollup(a,b)
SQL> =
SQL> group by a,b
SQL> +
SQL> group by a
SQL> +
SQL> 没有group by
SQL> */
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
30 9400
29025
已选择 13 行。
SQL> break on deptno skip 2
SQL> select deptno,job,sum(sal) from emp group by rollup(deptno,job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
MANAGER 2450
PRESIDENT 5000
8750
20 CLERK 1900
ANALYST 6000
MANAGER 2975
10875
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
30 CLERK 950
MANAGER 2850
SALESMAN 5600
9400
29025
已选择 13 行。
SQL> break on null
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
30 9400
29025
已选择 13 行。
SQL> spool off