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将知识凝练成概念的好处是简单、扼要、规范，这对于知识的应用、普及、扩展、深化都是大有裨益的。
| 概念 | 中文 | 描述 |
| index range scan | 索引范围扫描 | An ordered scan of an index that has the following characteristics: One or more leading columns of an index are specified in conditions. A condition specifies a combination of one or more expressions and logical (Boolean) operators and returns a value of TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN. 0, 1, or more values are possible for an index key. |
| index scan | 索引扫描 | The retrieval of a row by traversing an index, using the indexed column values specified by the statement. |
| index segment | 索引段 | A segment that stores data for a nonpartitioned index or index partition. |
| index skip scan | 索引跳跃式扫描 | An index scan that uses logical subindexes of a composite index. The database "skips" through a single index as if it were searching separate indexes. |
| index unique scan | 索引唯一扫描 | An index scan that must have either 0 or 1 rowid associated with an index key. The database performs a unique scan when a predicate references all of the columns in the key of a UNIQUE index using an equality operator. |
| information system | 信息系统 | A formal system for storing and processing information. |
| initialization parameter | 初始化参数 | A configuration parameter such as DB_NAME or SGA_TARGET that affects the operation of a database instance. Settings for initialization parameters are stored in a text-based initialization parameter file or binary server parameter file. |
| initialization parameter file | 初始化参数文件 | A text file that contains initialization parameter settings for a database instance. |
| In-Memory Column Store | 内存内列存储 | An optional SGA area that stores copies of tables and partitions in a columnar format optimized for rapid scans. |
| inner join | 内连接 | A join of two or more tables that returns only those rows that satisfy the join condition. |
| instance failure | 实例故障 | The termination of a database instance because of a hardware failure, Oracle internal error, or SHUTDOWN ABORT statement. |
| instance PGA | 实例PGA | The collection of individual PGAs in a database instance. |
| instance recovery | 实例恢复 | The automatic application of redo log records to uncommitted data blocks when an database instance is restarted after a failure. |
| INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF触发器 | A trigger that is fired by Oracle Database instead of executing the triggering statement. These triggers are useful for transparently modifying views that cannot be modified directly through DML statements. |
| integrity | 数据完整性 | See data integrity. |
| integrity constraint | 数据完整性 | Declarative method of defining a rule for a column. The integrity constraints enforce business rules and prevent the entry of invalid information into tables. |
| ITL (interested transaction list) | 相关事务列表（ITL） | Information in a block header that determines whether a transaction was uncommitted when the database began modifying the block. Entries in the ITL describe which transactions have rows locked and which rows in the block contain committed and uncommitted changes. |
| interval partition | 间隔分区 | An extension of range partitioning that instructs the database to create partitions of the specified range or interval. The database automatically creates the partitions when data inserted into the table exceeds all existing range partitions. |
| invisible index | 不可见索引 | An index that is maintained by DML operations, but is not used by default by the optimizer. Making an index invisible is an alternative to making it unusable or dropping it. |
| invoker's rights PL/SQL procedure | 调用者权限PL/SQL过程 | A procedure that executes in the current user's schema with the current user's privileges. |
| Java pool | Java池 | An area of memory that stores all session-specific Java code and data within the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). |
| Jpublisher (Java Publisher) | Java发布程序（JPublisher） | A utility that generates Java classes to represent database entities, such as SQL objects and PL/SQL packages, in a Java client program. |
| Java stored procedure | Java存储过程 | A Java method published to SQL and stored in the database. |
| JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) | JSON（JavaScript 对象表示法） | A language-independent, text-based data format that can represent objects, arrays, and scalar data. |
| JavaScript object | JavaScript 对象 | An associative array of zero or more pairs of property names and associated JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) values. |
| job queue process | 工作队列进程 | An optional background process that runs user jobs, often in batch mode. A job is a user-defined task scheduled to run one or more times. |
| join | 连接 | A statement that retrieves data from multiple tables specified in the FROM clause. Join types include inner joins, outer joins, and Cartesian joins. |
| join attribute clustering | 连接属性聚类 | In an attribute-clustered table, clustering that is based on joined columns. |
| join condition | 连接条件 | A condition that compares two columns, each from a different table, in a join. The database combines pairs of rows, each containing one row from each table, for which the join condition evaluates to TRUE. |
| join view | 连接视图 | A view whose definition includes multiple tables or views in the FROM clause. |
| JSON object | JSON对象 | A JavaScript object literal written as a property listed enclosed in braces. See also JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). |
| JVM | Java虚拟机 | A virtual processor that runs compiled Java code. |
| key | 键 | Column or set of columns included in the definition of certain types of integrity constraints. |
| key-preserved table | 键保留表 | In a join query, a table in which each row appears at most one time in the output of the query. |
| key compression | 键压缩 | Alternative name for prefix compression, See prefix compression. |
| key values | 键值 | Individual values in a key. |
| LOB (large object) | 大对象 | See LOB. |
| large pool | 大池 | Optional area in the SGA that provides large memory allocations for backup and restore operations, I/O server processes, and session memory for the shared server and Oracle XA. |
| latch | 闩锁 | A low-level serialization control mechanism used to protect shared data structures in the SGA from simultaneous access. |