Oracle 数据库入门之----------------------过滤和排序

过滤和排序

SQL> --查询10号部门的员工

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where deptno=10;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

SQL> --字符串大小写敏感

SQL> --查询名叫KING的员工

SQL> select *

2 from mep

3 /

from mep

第 2 行出现错误:

ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where ename='KING'

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where ename='King'

SQL> /

未选定行

SQL> --日期格式敏感

SQL> --查询入职日期是17-11月-81的员工

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where hiredate='17-11月-81';

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where hiredate='1981-11-17'

SQL> /

where hiredate='1981-11-17'

第 3 行出现错误:

ORA-01861: 文字与格式字符串不匹配

SQL> --修改日期格式

SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER

----------------------------------------------------------------

VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_LANGUAGE

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_TERRITORY

CHINA

NLS_CURRENCY

￥

PARAMETER

----------------------------------------------------------------

VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY

CHINA

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS

NLS_CALENDAR

GREGORIAN

PARAMETER

----------------------------------------------------------------

VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_DATE_FORMAT

DD-MON-RR

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_CHARACTERSET

ZHS16GBK

PARAMETER

----------------------------------------------------------------

VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_SORT

BINARY

NLS_TIME_FORMAT

HH.MI.SSXFF AM

NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT

DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM

PARAMETER

----------------------------------------------------------------

VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT

HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT

DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY

￥

PARAMETER

----------------------------------------------------------------

VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET

AL16UTF16

NLS_COMP

BINARY

NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS

BYTE

PARAMETER

----------------------------------------------------------------

VALUE

----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP

FALSE

已选择 19 行。

SQL> set linesize 200

SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER VALUE

---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_TERRITORY CHINA

NLS_CURRENCY ￥

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY CHINA

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,

NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN

NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK

NLS_SORT BINARY

NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM

PARAMETER VALUE

---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------

NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM

NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY ￥

NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16

NLS_COMP BINARY

NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE

NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

已选择 19 行。

SQL> alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd';

会话已更改。

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where hiredate='1981-11-17';

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------

7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 5000 10

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where hiredate='17-11月-81';

where hiredate='17-11月-81'

第 3 行出现错误:

ORA-01861: 文字与格式字符串不匹配

SQL> alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT='DD-MON-RR';

会话已更改。

SQL> host cls

SQL> --between and

SQL> --查询薪水1000~2000之间的员工

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where sal between 1000 and 2000;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 6 行。

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where sal between 2000 and 1000

SQL> /

未选定行

SQL> --between and: 1.含有边界 2.小值在前大值在后

SQL> host cls

SQL> --in 在集合中

SQL> --查询10和20号部门的员工

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where deptno in (10,20);

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 8 行。

SQL> --查询不是10和20号部门的员工

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where deptno not in (10,20)

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

已选择 6 行。

SQL> --null值 3、如果集合中含有null，不能使用not in；但可以使用in

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where deptno not in (10,20,null)

SQL> /

未选定行

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where deptno in (10,20,null)

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 8 行。

SQL> --思考：上面的原因是什么?

SQL> host cls

SQL> --模糊查询

SQL> --查询名字以S打头的员工

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where ename like 'S%';

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

SQL> --查询名字是4个字的员工

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where ename like '____'

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

SQL> insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(1001,'Tom_AB',3000,10);

已创建 1 行。

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

1001 Tom_AB 3000 10

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 15 行。

SQL> --查询名字中含有下划线的员工

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where ename like '%_%';

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

1001 Tom_AB 3000 10

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 15 行。

SQL> --转意字符

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* where ename like '%\_%' escape '\'

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

1001 Tom_AB 3000 10

SQL> rollback;

回退已完成。

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> --SQL优化 2、where解析顺序: 右 ---> 左

SQL> --SQL执行计划

SQL> host cls

SQL> --查询员工信息，按照月薪排序

SQL> select * from emp order by sal;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> --order by 后面 + 列、表达式、别名、序号

SQL> select empno,ename,sal,sal*12

2 from emp

3 order by sal*12 desc;

EMPNO ENAME SAL SAL*12

---------- -------- ----- ----------

7839 KING 5000 60000

7902 FORD 3000 36000

7788 SCOTT 3000 36000

7566 JONES 2975 35700

7698 BLAKE 2850 34200

7782 CLARK 2450 29400

7499 ALLEN 1600 19200

7844 TURNER 1500 18000

7934 MILLER 1300 15600

7521 WARD 1250 15000

7654 MARTIN 1250 15000

EMPNO ENAME SAL SAL*12

---------- -------- ----- ----------

7876 ADAMS 1100 13200

7900 JAMES 950 11400

7369 SMITH 800 9600

已选择 14 行。

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select empno,ename,sal,sal*12 年薪

2 from emp

3* order by 年薪 desc

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME SAL 年薪

---------- -------- ----- ----------

7839 KING 5000 60000

7902 FORD 3000 36000

7788 SCOTT 3000 36000

7566 JONES 2975 35700

7698 BLAKE 2850 34200

7782 CLARK 2450 29400

7499 ALLEN 1600 19200

7844 TURNER 1500 18000

7934 MILLER 1300 15600

7521 WARD 1250 15000

7654 MARTIN 1250 15000

EMPNO ENAME SAL 年薪

---------- -------- ----- ----------

7876 ADAMS 1100 13200

7900 JAMES 950 11400

7369 SMITH 800 9600

已选择 14 行。

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select empno,ename,sal,sal*12 年薪

2 from emp

3* order by 4 desc

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME SAL 年薪

---------- -------- ----- ----------

7839 KING 5000 60000

7902 FORD 3000 36000

7788 SCOTT 3000 36000

7566 JONES 2975 35700

7698 BLAKE 2850 34200

7782 CLARK 2450 29400

7499 ALLEN 1600 19200

7844 TURNER 1500 18000

7934 MILLER 1300 15600

7521 WARD 1250 15000

7654 MARTIN 1250 15000

EMPNO ENAME SAL 年薪

---------- -------- ----- ----------

7876 ADAMS 1100 13200

7900 JAMES 950 11400

7369 SMITH 800 9600

已选择 14 行。

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select empno,ename,sal,sal*12 年薪

2 from emp

3* order by 5 desc

SQL> /

order by 5 desc

第 3 行出现错误:

ORA-01785: ORDER BY 项必须是 SELECT-list 表达式的数目

SQL> host cls

SQL> --多个列的排序

SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 order by deptno,sal;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

已选择 14 行。

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* order by deptno,sal desc

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

已选择 14 行。

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3* order by deptno desc,sal desc

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> --order by 作用于后面所有的列，先按照第一个列排序，再后面的列

SQL> --desc只作用于离他最近的列

SQL> --思考：排序后的结果，是否是原来的表？

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> select * from emp order by sal;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> host cls

SQL> --查询员工信息，按照奖金排序

SQL> --null值 4. null的排序

SQL> select * from emp order by comm;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> set pagesize 20

SQL> select * from emp order by comm;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> select * from emp order by comm desc;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

已选择 14 行。

SQL> ed

已写入 file afiedt.buf

1 select *

2 from emp

3 order by comm desc

4* nulls last

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10

已选择 14 行。

SQL> --原因：null值最大

SQL> spool off

Oracle 数据库入门之----------------------过滤和排序

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