激励机制
By convention, the first transaction in a block is a special transaction that starts a new coin owned by the creator of the block.
按照惯例，每个区块中的第一笔交易是一笔特殊的交易，它为这个区块的创造者产生了一些新币。
This adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and provides a way to initially distribute coins into circulation, since there is no central authority to issue them.
这个机制为支持网络运行的节点增加了激励，因为没有中心化的权利机构来发币，所以这也为货币初次发布至流通环节提供了一种方法。
The steady addition of a constant of amount of new coins is analogous to gold miners expending resources to add gold to circulation.
稳步发型一定数量的新币相当于黄金矿工通过耗费资源将黄金加入流通。
In our case, it is CPU time and electricity that is expended.
在本案例中，耗费的资源是CPU时长和电力。
注：这里重点讲了比特币到底从何而来。比特币是以挖矿（mining）的形式来发行的，实际上，每一个区块中记录的第一笔交易规定为coinbase交易，即将一定数额的比特币作为挖出该区块矿工（miner）的奖励。这笔特殊的交易是无中生有的，刚开始只是一个数字而已，而随着支持这个网络的矿工逐渐增多，这个数字被赋予了价值和流通的属性，就成了币。
The incentive can also be funded with transaction fees.
激励也可以由交易费构成。
If the output value of a transaction is less than its input value, the difference is a transaction fee that is added to the incentive value of the block containing the transaction.
如果交易的输出小于输入，则差异部分将作为交易费添加到这笔交易的区块激励中。
Once a predetermined number of coins have entered circulation, the incentive can transition entirely to transaction fees and be completely inflation free.
一旦数量预先设定的币全部进入流通，激励将整个过渡到交易费上，并且完全不会通货膨胀。
The incentive may help encourage nodes to stay honest.
激励措施可能有助于鼓励节点保持诚实。
If a greedy attacker is able to assemble more CPU power than all the honest nodes, he would have to choose between using it to defraud people by stealing back his payments, or using it to generate new coins.
如果一个贪婪的攻击者掌握了比城市节点更多的CPU算力，他将面临抉择：是用算力偷回已经支出的币来骗人，还是用算力产生更多新币。
He ought to find it more profitable to play by the rules, such rules that favour him with more new coins than everyone else combined, than to undermine the system and the validity of his own wealth.
他应该会发现遵守游戏规则要比破环系统、破坏自己财富合法性更为划算，因为这些规矩惠赠于他的新币比其他人加起来还要多。