1. 建表语句
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `class` (
`id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`card` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `book` (
`bookid` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`card` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`bookid`)
);
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
2. 案例
2.1 left join（必定有一张需要全表扫描，选择哪张？？）
①EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM class LEFT JOIN book ON class.card = book.card;
②如何优化？在哪个表上建立索引？
ALTER TABLE `book` ADD INDEX idx_card( `card`);
③删除book表的索引：drop index idx_card on book;
在class表上建立索引：alter table class add index idx_card(card);
结论：
①在优化关联查询时，只有在被驱动表上建立索引才有效！
②left join时，左侧的为驱动表，右侧为被驱动表！
2.2 inner join
①EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM book inner join class on class.card=book.card;
②两个查询字段调换顺序，发现结果也是一样的！
③在book表中，删除9条记录
④结论：inner join 时，mysql会自己帮你把小结果集的表选为驱动表。
⑤straight_join: 效果和inner join一样，但是会强制将左侧作为驱动表！
2.3 四个关联查询案例分析
| EXPLAIN SELECT ed.name '人物',c.name '掌门' FROM (SELECT e.name,d.ceo from t_emp e LEFT JOIN t_dept d on e.deptid=d.id) ed LEFT JOIN t_emp c on ed.ceo= c.id; |
EXPLAIN SELECT e.name '人物',tmp.name '掌门'
FROM t_emp e LEFT JOIN (SELECT d.id did,e.name FROM t_dept d LEFT JOIN t_emp e ON d.ceo=e.id)tmp
ON e.deptId=tmp.did;
上述两个案例，第一个查询效率较高，且有优化的余地。第二个案例中，子查询作为被驱动表，由于子查询是虚表，无法建立索引，因此不能优化。
结论：
子查询尽量不要放在被驱动表，有可能使用不到索引；
left join时，尽量让实体表作为被驱动表。
EXPLAIN SELECT e1.name '人物',e2.name '掌门'
FROM t_emp e1
LEFT JOIN t_dept d on e1.deptid = d.id
LEFT JOIN t_emp e2 on d.ceo = e2.id ;
Explain SELECT e2.name '人物',
(SELECT e1.name FROM t_emp e1 where e1.id= d.ceo) '掌门'
from t_emp e2 LEFT JOIN t_dept d on e2.deptid=d.id;
结论：能够直接多表关联的尽量直接关联，不用子查询！