1.准备工作
- 安装django框架
- 安装django-rsetful 框架
pip install djangorestframework
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2.一个小demo
2.1创建django工程
django admin startproject restful
django admin startapp demo
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2.2配置restful环境
修改restful/settings.py
在INSTALLED_APPS 添加 'rest_framework'
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2.3编写model层 /demo/model.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=20,blank=True)
password = models.CharField(max_length=20,blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.username
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2.4配置数据库
python manage.py makemigratons
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser
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2.5配置后台管理 /demo/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from demo.models import User
admin.site.register(User)
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此时登陆后台添加一些数据
(图片不清楚可按住Ctrl+鼠标滚轮放大)
2.6编写序列化模块 /demo/serializer.py
# author: HuYong
# coding=utf-8
from rest_framework import serializers
from demo.models import User
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ("id","username","password")
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序列化联通json与模型层
2.7编写url
2.7.1根url restful/url.py
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^api/demo/',include('demo.urls')),
]
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2.7.2APP URL demo/urls.py
# author: HuYong
# coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
from demo import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^user/$',views.User_list),
url(r'^user/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$',views.User_detial),
]
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2.8编写views层 demo/views.py
import json
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response
from demo.models import User
from demo.serializer import UserSerializer
@api_view(['GET','POST'])
def User_list(request):
if request.method=="GET":
users = User.objects.all()
serializer = UserSerializer(users,many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
elif request.method == 'POST':
print request.body
serializer = UserSerializer(data=json.loads(request.body))
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
else:
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE']) #
def User_detial(request,pk):
try:
user = User.objects.get(pk=pk)
except User.DoesNotExist:
return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
if request.method == "GET":
serializer = UserSerializer(user)
return Response(serializer.data)
elif request.method == "PUT":
serializer = UserSerializer(user,data=json.loads(request.body))
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data)
else:
return Response(serializer.errors,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
elif request.method == "DELETE":
user.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
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2.9测试
2.9.1获取用户列表
- 浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/demo/user/
这个浏览器访问的界面 - 通过postman来测试,返回的是json数据
2.9.2新增数据
- 通过postman来测试
- 简单设置
- 返回的数据:
- 此时获取用户列表栏
2.9.3对单个用户的操作
- URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/demo/user/4 (id为4的用户)
- 获取用户信息(GET)
- 修改用户信息(PUT)
- 删除用户信息(DELETE)