1.4(Spring学习笔记)Spring-JDBC基础

一、Spring JDBC相关类

  1.1 DriverManagerDataSource

  DriverManagerDataSource主要包含数据库连接地址,用户名,密码。

  属性及含义如下配置所示:

<bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
     <!-- 指定JDBC驱动 --> <property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
     <!--设置数据库连接地址--> <property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring" />
     <!-- 设置用户名和密码 --> <property name = "username" value = "root" /> <property name = "password" value = "123456" /> </bean>

  1.2JdbcTemplate

  JdbcTemplate是实现数据库操作的核心类,其中包含一系列对数据库的操作。

  包含execute()、update()、query()等方法。

  

  既然是对数据库进行操作,那么必须知道数据库的URL,用户名密码。

  所有JdbcTemplate中应该包含DriverManagerDataSource。

  将DriverManagerDataSource配置到JdbcTemplate中:

<!--设置数据源-->
<
bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring" /> <property name = "username" value = "root" /> <property name = "password" value = "123456" /> </bean> <!--在jdbcTemplate中设置数据源--> <bean id = "jdbcTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" /> </bean>

  模板设置好了,我们就可以使用模板了。

  一般在对数据库进行具体操作的类中定义一个JdbcTemplate类型的属性,

  然后将 id = jdbcTemplate的bean注入到数据库操作类中对应的属性。

  需要导入的jar文件:

  

我们先结合jdbcTemplate中的execute() 方法来看一实例

execute(String sql)执行指定sql语句

<?xml  version="1.0"  encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans  xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"         
        xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd" > 
    
    <!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring" />
        <property name = "username" value = "root" />
        <property name = "password" value = "123456" />
    </bean>
    <!--配置jdbc模板-->
    <bean id = "jdbcTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />
    </bean>
</beans>

测试

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class JDBCTemplateTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jt = (JdbcTemplate)ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate");
        jt.execute("create table account(" +
                    "id int primary key auto_increment," +
                    "username varchar(50)," +
                    "balance double)");
        System.out.println("创建成功");
    }
}

创建成功后,数据库中会多出一个account表。

 

本例是获取JdbcTemplate,执行了一个建表语句。

我们再来看下JdbcTemplate中的update方法。

update主要用于插入、更新、删除数据,一般会返回一个受影响的行数。

int update(String sql),执行指定语句返回受影响的行数。

int update(String sql,Object... args);执行sql语句,可以设置语句参数。

Accout.java    

public class Account {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private Double balance;
    
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public Double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }
    public void setBalance(Double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", balance=" + balance + "]";
    }
    
}

AccountDao.java (数据操作接口)

public interface AccountDao {
    public int addAccount(Account account);
    public int updateAccount(Account account);
    public int deleteAccount(int id);
}

AccountDaoImpl.java

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao{
    private JdbcTemplate jt; //此处的属性通过xml文件注入
    
    public void setJt(JdbcTemplate jt) {
        this.jt = jt;
    }

    @Override//添加
    public int addAccount(Account account) {
        String sql = "insert into account(username,balance) value(?,?)";
        Object[] obj = new Object[] {
            account.getUsername(),
            account.getBalance()
        };
        int num = jt.update(sql,obj);
        return num;
    }

    @Override//修改
    public int updateAccount(Account account) {
        String sql = "update account set username=?,balance=?,where id = ?";
        Object[] obj = new Object[] {
                account.getUsername(),
                account.getBalance(),
                account.getId()
        };
        int num = jt.update(sql,obj);
        return num;
    }

    @Override//删除
    public int deleteAccount(int id) {
        String sql = "delete from account where id = ?";
        int num = jt.update(sql,id);
        return num;
    }

}

beans.xml

<?xml  version="1.0"  encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans  xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"         
        xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd" > 
    
    
    <bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring" />
        <property name = "username" value = "root" />
        <property name = "password" value = "123456" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id = "jdbcTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id = "accountDao" class = "com.spring.db.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="jt" ref = "jdbcTemplate"></property>  <!--将jdbcTemplate注入AccountDaoImpl类中属性jt-->
</bean> </beans>

测试添加

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class JDBCTemplateTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        AccountDao accountDao = (AccountDaoImpl)ac.getBean("accountDao");
        Account account = new Account();
        account.setId(2);
        account.setUsername("hcf");
        account.setBalance(1000.0);
        accountDao.addAccount(account);
        System.out.println("添加" + accountDao.addAccount(account) + "位");
    }
}

 执行成功后,表中会多出一组数据。

 

AccountImpl执行添加方法,其内部实际上是JdbcTemplate jt执行具体的语句,

而JdbcTemplate jt是通过xml配置到AccountImpl的jt属性中的.

query方法主要用于查询,可以返回查询的结果集。

public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, Object... args)

执行指定语句,args用于设置语句参数,返回一个对象,RowMapper数据库中一行元素

与一个类之间的映射,简单的看做是将数据库一行元素填充到一个类的对象中。

类中属性名要和数据库列名相同。

rowMapper通过RowMapper的实现类BeanPropertyRowMapper(Class<T> mappedClass)构造方法构造。

这个属性确定了返回对象的具体类型。

public <T> List<T> query(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper)

此方式返回的是一个结果集。

public <T> List<T> query(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper<T> rowMapper)

此方法可以设置参数,同时返回结果集

在AccountDao.java中添加两个方法

public Account findAccountById(int id);
    public List<Account> findAllAccounts();

在AccountDaoImpl.java中添加实现

@Override
    public Account findAccountById(int id) {
        String sql = "select * from account where id = ?";
        //设置映射,即表中一行记录对应一个Accout对象(数据库中列名要和对象属性名一致)
        RowMapper<Account> rp = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class);
        return this.jt.queryForObject(sql, rp, id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAllAccounts() {
        String sql = "select * from account";
        RowMapper<Account> rp = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class);
        return this.jt.query(sql,rp);
    }

测试:

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class JDBCTemplateTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        AccountDao accountDao = (AccountDaoImpl)ac.getBean("accountDao");
        System.out.println("all account:");
        for(Account account:accountDao.findAllAccounts()) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
        System.out.println("---------------------------");
        System.out.println("id=5:");
        System.out.println(accountDao.findAccountById(5));
        System.out.println("");
    }
}

表中需要先有一些数据。

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/huang-changfan/p/10440021.html