Django 用户注册与登录

Django 自带的 User 模型（django.contrib.auth.models.User），继承自 AbstractUser 类：

class AbstractUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    """
    An abstract base class implementing a fully featured User model with admin-compliant permissions.
    Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.
    """
    username_validator = UnicodeUsernameValidator()

    username = models.CharField(
        _('username'),
        max_length=150,
        unique=True,
        help_text=_('Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.'),
        validators=[username_validator],
        error_messages={
            'unique': _("A user with that username already exists."),
        },
    )
    first_name = models.CharField(_('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(_('last name'), max_length=150, blank=True)
    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), blank=True)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(
        _('staff status'),
        default=False,
        help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.'),
    )
    is_active = models.BooleanField(
        _('active'),
        default=True,
        help_text=_(
            'Designates whether this user should be treated as active. '
            'Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
        ),
    )
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)
　　...

class User(AbstractUser):
    """
    Users within the Django authentication system are represented by this model.
    Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.
    """
    class Meta(AbstractUser.Meta):
        swappable = 'AUTH_USER_MODEL'

创建应用

在 mysite 项目中新建一个应用 users：

$ python manage.py startapp users

模型设计

编辑 users/models.py 文件：

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models

class UserProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    
    date_modified = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.__str__()
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'User Profile'

数据库设置

数据库我们选择系统默认的 Sqlite，不用修改 mysite/settings.py 配置：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

然后在终端输入以下命令，来创建 UserProfile 的数据表。

$ python manage.py makemigrations 
$ python manage.py migrate 

注册APP

在 mysite/settings.py 配置项 INSTALLED_APPS 中添加应用：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'users.apps.UsersConfig',   
]

视图

1. 登录视图

1. 路由设计

URL	视图	模板	说明
/login/	users.views.login()	users/login.html	登录
/index/	users.views.index()	users/index.html	主页
/register/	users.views.register()	users/register.html	注册
/logout/	users.views.logout()		登出

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'users'
urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.index, name='index'),
    path('login/', views.login, name='login'),
    path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
    path('logout/', views.logout, name='logout'),
]

创建模板

新建并编辑模板文件 users/templates/users/login.html：