Junit 测试MockMVC使用

MockMVC 主要是对Controller进行单元测试.
对数据库的操作使用事务实现回滚,对数据库的增删改查方法结束后还原数据库.

使用如下:
controller

package com.neo.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
	
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String index() {
        return "Hello World";
    }
}

测试类中

package com.neo.controller;

import com.neo.ActuatorApplication;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class HelloTests {

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloController()).build();
    }
   /**
         * 1、mockMvc.perform执行一个请求。
         * 2、MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("XXX")构造一个请求。
         * 3、ResultActions.param添加请求传值
         * 4、ResultActions.accept(MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE))设置返回类型
         * 5、ResultActions.andExpect添加执行完成后的断言。
         * 6、ResultActions.andDo添加一个结果处理器，表示要对结果做点什么事情
         *   比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个响应结果信息。
         * 5、ResultActions.andReturn表示执行完成后返回相应的结果。
         */
    @Test
    public void getHello() throws Exception {
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World")))
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();

    }

}

控制台打印结果:

MockHttpServletRequest:
      HTTP Method = GET
      Request URI = /hello
       Parameters = {}
          Headers = {Accept=[application/json]}

Handler:
             Type = com.neo.controller.HelloController
           Method = public java.lang.String com.neo.controller.HelloController.index()

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = null

ModelAndView:
        View name = null
             View = null
            Model = null

FlashMap:
       Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
           Status = 200
    Error message = null
          Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json;charset=ISO-8859-1], Content-Length=[11]}
     Content type = application/json;charset=ISO-8859-1
             Body = Hello World
    Forwarded URL = null
   Redirected URL = null
          Cookies = []

另一种配置方式:加上**@AutoConfigureMockMvc注解**,自动注入MockMvc 不需要在方法之前生成,代码如下:

package com.neo.controller;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@Transactional//测试完成后自动回滚数据.
public class HelloTests {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;
    
    @Test
    public void getHello() throws Exception {
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World")))
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();

    }

}