火车售票系统--JDBC

    (本项目为作者自己初学所写，部分存在bug，仅供参考...)

    利用数据库与JAVA的连接实现对数据的操作，该项目使用Eclipse 和 MySQL现，使用MVC作为框架。

    要求如下：

1：对线路的增、删、改、查

2：创建用户名、密码实现购票

3：用户可进行修改目的地

4：只有进入内部系统才能查看用户的所有信息

在MySQL中创建库，表：

库：subway ----  表：tickets 和 users

+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | tinyint(4)          | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| terminal | varchar(40)         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| price    | int(10) unsigned    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| surplus  | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | tinyint(4)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| client   | varchar(30) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| terminal | varchar(40) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |

在Eclipse中的实现代码：

    包和类的创建图

1：

    创建JDBC连接

package sub.loading.drive;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class Driver {
	
	private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/subway";
	private static final String USER = "root";
	private static final String PASSWORD = "数据库的登录密码";		//用户名和密码是自己所设置的
	
	private static Connection conn = null;
	
	static {
		//1.加载驱动程序
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
			//2.获得数据库的连接
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public static Connection getConnection() {
		return conn;
	}
}

2：创建火车票 和 用户变量

    1）火车票信息变量

package model;

public class Element {
	
	private Integer id;		//线路ID
	private String terminal;	//线路起点-终点
	private Integer price;		//票价
	private Integer surplus;	//余票数量

	
	//get set方法赋值 的 获取值
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getTerminal() {
		return terminal;
	}
	public void setTerminal(String terminal) {
		this.terminal = terminal;
	}
	public Integer getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(Integer price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	public Integer getSurplus() {
		return surplus;
	}
	public void setSurplus(Integer surplus) {
		this.surplus = surplus;
	}
	
}

    2）用户信息变量

package model;

public class ElementUsers {
	
	private Integer id;		//用户ID
	private String client;		//用户姓名
	private String password;	//用户密码
	private String terminal;	//用户选择的线路名
	
	//get，set方法
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getClient() {
		return client;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	public void setClient(String client) {
		this.client = client;
	}
	public String getTerminal() {
		return terminal;
	}
	public void setTerminal(String terminal) {
		this.terminal = terminal;
	}

}

3：创建M（Model）层

package sub.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import model.Element;
import model.ElementUsers;
import sub.loading.drive.Driver;
/*
 * 模型层
 */

public class Dao {
	
	//增添路线, 增添到末尾
	public void addTicket(Element e) throws Exception{
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		String sql =  "" + 
						"INSERT INTO tickets " +
						" (terminal, price, surplus) " +
						" VALUES(" +
						"?, ?, ?); ";	//也可使用StringBuilder的append()
		//预编译，将sql加载，不直接执行，调用execute()时执行
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		//导入数据
		ptmt.setString(1, e.getTerminal());
		ptmt.setInt(2, e.getPrice());
		ptmt.setInt(3, e.getSurplus());
		
		ptmt.execute();
	}
	
	//更新路线, 根据id实现
	public void updateTicket(Element e) throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		String sql = "" +
				" UPDATE tickets " +
				" SET terminal=?, price=?, surplus=? " +
				" where id=?; ";
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		
		ptmt.setString(1, e.getTerminal());
		ptmt.setInt(2, e.getPrice());
		ptmt.setInt(3, e.getSurplus());
		ptmt.setInt(4, e.getId());
				
		ptmt.execute();
	}
	
	//删除路线, 根据id删除
	public void delTicket(Element e) throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		String sql = "" +
				" DELETE FROM tickets " +
				" where id=?;";
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		
		ptmt.setInt(1, e.getId());
		
		ptmt.execute();
	}
	
	//查询所有路线
	public List<Element> queryTicket() throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
		sql.append("SELECT * FROM tickets; ");
		
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
		ResultSet rs = ptmt.executeQuery();
		
		List<Element> result = new ArrayList<Element>();
		Element e = null;

		while(rs.next()) {
			e = new Element();
			e.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
			e.setTerminal(rs.getString("terminal"));
			e.setPrice(rs.getInt("price"));
			e.setSurplus(rs.getInt("surplus"));
			
			result.add(e);
		}
		
		return result;
	}
	
	//创建用户，并选票，对应余票减一
	public void setUsers(ElementUsers eu) throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
		sql.append(" INSERT users(client, password, terminal) VALUES(?, ?, ?);");
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
		
		ptmt.setString(1, eu.getClient());
		ptmt.setString(2, eu.getPassword());
		ptmt.setString(3, eu.getTerminal());
		ptmt.execute();
		
		StringBuilder sql2 = new StringBuilder();
		sql2.append(" UPDATE tickets SET surplus=surplus-1 WHERE id=? ;");
		PreparedStatement ptmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2.toString());
		Integer ter = Integer.valueOf(eu.getTerminal());
		System.out.println(ter);
		ptmt2.setInt(1, ter);
		ptmt2.execute();
	}

	//更新用户目的地
	public void updateUsersTicket(List<Map<String, String>> params, ElementUsers eu) throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
		sql.append("UPDATE users SET terminal=? WHERE 1=1 ");

		if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {
			for (int i = 0; i < params.size(); i++) {
				Map<String, String> map = params.get(i);
				sql.append(" and" + " " + map.get("name") + " "
						+ map.get("rela") + " " + map.get("value") + " ");
			}
		}
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
		
		ptmt.setString(1, eu.getTerminal());
		
		ptmt.execute();
	}
	
	//删除用户
	public void delUsers(ElementUsers eu) throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		String sql = "" +
				" DELETE FROM users " +
				" where id=?";
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		
		ptmt.setInt(1, eu.getId());
		
		ptmt.execute();
	}
	
	//查询所有用户信息
	public List<ElementUsers> queryUsers() throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = Driver.getConnection();	//获得连接
		StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
		sql.append("SELECT a.id, a.client, a.password, b.terminal FROM users AS a LEFT JOIN "
				+ "tickets AS b ON a.terminal = b.id ;");		//运用LEFT JOIN左外链接,以便将线路id 用
											//具体线路名称打印出
		PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
		ResultSet rs = ptmt.executeQuery();
		
		List<ElementUsers> result = new ArrayList<ElementUsers>();
		ElementUsers eu = null;

		while(rs.next()) {
			eu = new ElementUsers();
			eu.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
			eu.setClient(rs.getString("client"));
			eu.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
			eu.setTerminal(rs.getString("terminal"));
			
			result.add(eu);
		}
		
		return result;
	}
	
}

4：创建控制层

package sub.action;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import model.Element;
import model.ElementUsers;
import sub.dao.Dao;
/*
 * 控制层
 */
public class Action {
	
	//增路线
	public void add(Element e) throws Exception {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		dao.addTicket(e);
	}
	
	//改路线
	public void update(Element e) throws SQLException {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		dao.updateTicket(e);
	}
	
	//删路线
	public void del(Element e) throws SQLException {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		dao.delTicket(e);
	}
	
	//查路线
	public List<Element> query() throws SQLException {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		return dao.queryTicket();
	}
	//增用户
	public void addUsers(ElementUsers eu) throws Exception {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		dao.setUsers(eu);
	}
	
	//改用户目的地
	public void updateUsers(List<Map<String, String>> params, ElementUsers eu) throws SQLException {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		dao.updateUsersTicket(params, eu);
	}
	
	//删用户
	public void delUsres(ElementUsers eu) throws SQLException {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		dao.delUsers(eu);
	}
	
	//查所有用户
	public List<ElementUsers> queryUsers() throws SQLException {
		Dao dao = new Dao();
		return dao.queryUsers();
	}
}

5：创建视图层

package sub.view;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;
import sub.dao.Dao;
import model.Element;
import model.ElementUsers;
/*
 * 视图层
 */
public class View {

	private static final String CONTEXT = "欢迎进入火车站：\n" + 
			"下面是本站的功能列表：\n"+ 
			"[MAIN/M]:主菜单 \n" + 
			"[ADD/A]:添加线路信息 \n"+ 
			"[UPDATE/U]:更新线路信息 \n" + 
			"[DELETE/D]:删除线路 \n"+ 
			"[QUERY/Q]:查看终点的全部信息 \n" +
			"[SET/S]:创建用户账号 \n" + 
			"[CHANGE/C]:更该目的地 \n" + 
			"[INNER/I]:员工系统 \n" + 
			"[EXIT/E]:退出火车票系统 ";
	
	private static final String CONTEXTUSERS = "欢迎进入员工内部系统: \n" + 
			"[MAIN/M]:主菜单 \n" + 
			"[DELETE/D]:删除用户 \n"+ 
			"[QUERY/Q]:查看用户全部信息 \n" +
			"[EXIT/E]:退出员工系统 ";
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		System.out.println(CONTEXT);
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

		String st = null;
		boolean a = true;
		while (a) {
			System.out.println("请输入您的选择(火车站界面):");
			st = scan.next().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase();
			Element e = new Element();
			Dao dao = new Dao();

			switch (st) {

			case "M": {
				System.out.println(CONTEXT);
				break;
			}
			case "A": {
				int step = 1;

				while (true) {
					if (step == 1) {
						System.out.println("请输入线路[名称], 如'成都-都江堰':");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 2) {
						e.setTerminal(scan.next());
						System.out.println("请输入线路[价格]:");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 3) {
						e.setPrice(scan.nextInt());
						System.out.println("请输入线路[余票]:");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 4) {
						e.setSurplus(scan.nextInt());
						try {
							dao.addTicket(e);
							System.out.println("添加线路成功！");
						} catch (Exception e2) {
							// TODO: handle exception
							e2.printStackTrace();
							System.out.println("添加线路失败！");
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				break;
			}
			case "U": {
				int step = 1;

				while (true) {
					if (step == 1) {
						System.out.println("请输入要更新线路的ID:");
						int id = scan.nextInt();
						e.setId(id);
						System.out.println("请输入线路的[名称], 如'成都-都江堰'");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 2) {
						e.setTerminal(scan.next());
						System.out.println("请输入线路[价格]:");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 3) {
						e.setPrice(scan.nextInt());
						System.out.println("请输入线路[余票]:");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 4) {
						e.setSurplus(scan.nextInt());
						try {
							dao.updateTicket(e);
							System.out.println("更新线路成功！");
						} catch (Exception e2) {
							// TODO: handle exception
							e2.printStackTrace();
							System.out.println("更新线路失败！");
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				break;
			}
			case "D": {
				System.out.println("请输入要删除线路的ID：");
				int id = scan.nextInt();
				e.setId(id);
				dao.delTicket(e);
				System.out.println("删路线成功!");
				break;
			}
			case "Q": {
				List<Element> q = new ArrayList<Element>();
				q = dao.queryTicket();
				System.out.println("ID         线路             价格/张     余票");
				for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) {
					System.out.println(q.get(i).getId() + "\t"
							+ q.get(i).getTerminal() + "    \t"
							+ q.get(i).getPrice() + "   \t"
							+ q.get(i).getSurplus());
				}
				break;
			}
			case "S": {
				int step = 1;
				ElementUsers eu = new ElementUsers();

				while (true) {
					if (step == 1) {
						System.out.println("请输入用户[名称]:");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 2) {
						eu.setClient(scan.next());
						System.out.println("请输入用户[密码]:");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 3) {
						eu.setPassword(scan.next());
						System.out.println("请输入目的地(线路ID):");
						step++;
					} else if (step == 4) {
						eu.setTerminal(scan.next());
						try {
							dao.setUsers(eu);
							System.out.println("创建用户成功！");
						} catch (Exception e2) {
							// TODO: handle exception
							e2.printStackTrace();
							System.out.println("创建用户失败！");
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				break;
			}
			case "C": {
				List<Map<String, String>> params = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
				Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
				ElementUsers eu = new ElementUsers();

				System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
				String usersName = scan.next();
				map.put("name", "client");
				map.put("rela", "=");
				map.put("value", "'" + usersName + "'");
				params.add(map);

				System.out.println("请输入密码:");
				String password = scan.next();
				map.put("name", "password");
				map.put("rela", "=");
				map.put("value", "'" + password + "'");
				params.add(map);

				System.out.println("请输入目的地:");
				eu.setTerminal(scan.next());
				try {
					dao.updateUsersTicket(params, eu);
					System.out.println("更改目的地成功!");					
				}catch(Exception e3) {
					e3.printStackTrace();
					System.out.println("请核实用户名或密码!");
				}
				break;
			}
			case "I": {
				System.out.println("请输入登录密码(默认123456):");
				String password = scan.next();
				if (password.equals("123456")) {
					String st2 = null;
					boolean b = true;
					System.out.println(CONTEXTUSERS);
					while (b) {

						System.out.println("请输入您的选择(员工界面):");
						st2 = scan.next().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase();
						ElementUsers eu = new ElementUsers();

						switch (st2) {

						case "M": {
							System.out.println(CONTEXT);
							break;
						}
						case "D": {
							System.out.println("请输入要删除用户的ID：");
							int id = scan.nextInt();
							eu.setId(id);
							dao.delUsers(eu);
							System.out.println("删用户成功!");
							break;
						}
						case "Q": {
							List<ElementUsers> q = new ArrayList<ElementUsers>();
							q = dao.queryUsers();
							System.out.println("ID     用户名     密码         目的地");
							for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) {
								System.out.println(q.get(i).getId() + "\t"
										+ q.get(i).getClient() + "\t"
										+ q.get(i).getPassword() + "\t"
										+ q.get(i).getTerminal());
							}
							break;
						}
						case "E": {
							b = false;
							System.out.println("成功退出!");
							break;
						}
						}
					}
				} else {
					System.out.println("输入密码错误!");
					break;
				}
				break;
			}
			case "E": {
				a = false;
				System.out.println("成功退出!");
				break;
			}
			}
		}
		scan.close();
	}
}