查询每年成绩前三名的学生

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创建表：

CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `year` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `score` int(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

插入数据：

INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (1, '2016', 90, '张三');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (2, '2016', 80, '李四');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (3, '2016', 70, '王五');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (4, '2016', 60, '赵六');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (5, '2017', 90, '张三');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (6, '2017', 80, '李四');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (7, '2017', 70, '王五');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (8, '2017', 60, '赵六');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (9, '2018', 90, '张三');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (10, '2018', 80, '李四');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (11, '2018', 70, '王五');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (12, '2018', 60, '赵六');
INSERT INTO `test`(`id`, `year`, `score`, `name`) VALUES (13, '2019', 1, '哈哈');

表如下：

查询sql语句：

select * from test t where (select count(*) from test where year = t.year and score > t.score ) <3 order by t.year desc,t.score desc;

查询结果：

下面这两条sql也能查出来同样结果：

select a1.* from test a1 inner join (select a.year,a.score from test a left join test b on a.year = b.year and a.score<=b.score group by a.year,a.score having count(a.score)<=3) b1 on a1.year = b1.year and a1.score = b1.score order by a1.year desc,a1.score desc;

select * from test t where (select count(1) + 1 from test where year = t.year and score > t.score) <4 order by t.year desc,t.score desc;