Runtime四： 应用

Runtime应用场景非常多，下面就介绍一些常见的应用场景。

• 关联对象(Objective-C Associated Objects)给分类增加属性
• 方法魔法(Method Swizzling)方法添加和替换和KVO实现
• 消息转发(热更新)解决Bug(JSPatch)
• 实现NSCoding的自动归档和自动解档
• 实现字典和模型的自动转换(MJExtension)

一. 关联对象(Objective-C Associated Objects)给分类增加属性

关联对象接口

//关联对象
void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)
//获取关联的对象
id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key)
//移除关联的对象
void objc_removeAssociatedObjects(id object)

参数

id object：被关联的对象
const void *key：关联的key，要求唯一
id value：关联的对象
objc_AssociationPolicy policy：内存管理的策略

内存管理策略

typedef OBJC_ENUM(uintptr_t, objc_AssociationPolicy) {
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN = 0,           /**< Specifies a weak reference to the associated object. */
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC = 1, /**< Specifies a strong reference to the associated object. 
                                            *   The association is not made atomically. */
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC = 3,   /**< Specifies that the associated object is copied. 
                                            *   The association is not made atomically. */
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN = 01401,       /**< Specifies a strong reference to the associated object.
                                            *   The association is made atomically. */
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY = 01403          /**< Specifies that the associated object is copied.
                                            *   The association is made atomically. */
};

例子： 下面实现一个UIView的Category添加自定义属性defaultColor。

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "objc/runtime.h"

@interface UIView (DefaultColor)

@property (nonatomic, strong) UIColor *defaultColor;

@end

@implementation UIView (DefaultColor)

@dynamic defaultColor;

static char kDefaultColorKey;

- (void)setDefaultColor:(UIColor *)defaultColor {
    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &kDefaultColorKey, defaultColor, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}

- (id)defaultColor {
    return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kDefaultColorKey);
}

@end

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    
    UIView *test = [UIView new];
    test.defaultColor = [UIColor blackColor];
    NSLog(@"%@", test.defaultColor);
}

@end

二. 方法魔法(Method Swizzling)方法添加和替换和KVO实现

1. 方法添加

class_addMethod([self class], sel, (IMP)fooMethod, "v@:");

参数：
cls 被添加方法的类
name 添加的方法的名称的SEL
imp 方法的实现。该函数必须至少要有两个参数，self,_cmd
类型编码

2. 方法替换

下面实现一个替换ViewController的viewDidLoad方法的例子。

@implementation ViewController

+ (void)load {
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        Class class = [self class];
        SEL originalSelector = @selector(viewDidLoad);
        SEL swizzledSelector = @selector(jkviewDidLoad);
        
        Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(class,originalSelector);
        Method swizzledMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(class,swizzledSelector);
        
        //judge the method named  swizzledMethod is already existed.
        BOOL didAddMethod = class_addMethod(class, originalSelector, method_getImplementation(swizzledMethod), method_getTypeEncoding(swizzledMethod));
        // if swizzledMethod is already existed.
        if (didAddMethod) {
            class_replaceMethod(class, swizzledSelector, method_getImplementation(originalMethod), method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod));
        }
        else {
            method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, swizzledMethod);
        }
    });
}

- (void)jkviewDidLoad {
    NSLog(@"替换的方法");
    
    [self jkviewDidLoad];
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    NSLog(@"自带的方法");
    
    [super viewDidLoad];
}

@end