Nginx (engine x) 是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理web服务器，同时也提供了IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务。Nginx是由伊戈尔·赛索耶夫为俄罗斯访问量第二的Rambler.ru站点（俄文：Рамблер）开发的，第一个公开版本0.1.0发布于2004年10月4日。
其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布，因它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。2011年6月1日，nginx 1.0.4发布。
Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务器，在BSD-like 协议下发行。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力确实在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好，中国大陆使用nginx网站用户有：百度、京东、新浪、网易、腾讯、淘宝等。
一.安装nginx1.15
1.解压缩安装包
[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz
2.注释debug日志
vim nginx-1.15.8/auto/cc/gcc
171 # debug
172 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
3.下载依赖包
[root@server1 nginx-1.15.8]# yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc -y
4.测试存在特性
[root@server1 nginx-1.15.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio
5.编译安装
make && make install
二.启动nginx
[root@server1 sbin]# ./nginx -t
[root@server1 sbin]# ./nginx -V
[root@server1 sbin]# useradd nginx
[root@server1 nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf
1
2 user nginx nginx;
3 worker_processes 2;
4
5 #error_log logs/error.log;
6 #error_log logs/error.log notice;
7 #error_log logs/error.log info;
8
9 #pid logs/nginx.pid;
10
11
12 events {
13 worker_connections 65535;
14 }
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
61 # End of file
62 nginx - nofile 65535
启动nginx
[root@server1 nginx]# sbin/nginx
三.部署nginx1.16
1.解压缩
[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
2.测试存在特性、编译
[root@server1 ~]# cd nginx-1.16.0
[root@server1 nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio
[root@server1 nginx-1.16.0]# make
4.热升级
[root@server1 nginx-1.16.0]# cd objs/
[root@server1 objs]# ls
autoconf.err nginx ngx_auto_config.h ngx_modules.c src
Makefile nginx.8 ngx_auto_headers.h ngx_modules.o
[root@server1 objs]# ./nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.16.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC)
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio
1.备份脚本
[root@server1 objs]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@server1 sbin]# ls
nginx
[root@server1 sbin]# ./nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.15.8
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC)
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio
[root@server1 sbin]# cp nginx nginx.old
[root@server1 sbin]# ls
nginx nginx.old
2.将新版本的脚本复制到旧版本的脚本目录下
[root@server1 sbin]# cd ~/nginx-1.16.0/objs/
[root@server1 objs]# ls
autoconf.err nginx ngx_auto_config.h ngx_modules.c src
Makefile nginx.8 ngx_auto_headers.h ngx_modules.o
[root@server1 objs]# cp -f nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
cp: overwrite ‘/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx’? y
3.热升级
[root@server1 objs]# ps -ef | grep nginx #此时旧版进程pid为3725
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 3726 3725 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 3727 3725 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 6286 1061 0 20:15 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 objs]# kill -USR2 3725 #3725master进程的两个进程不再接收新的请求，只处理当前的请求。同时打开新版本的nginx的master进程，和它的两个线程，实现热升级
[root@server1 objs]# ps -ef | grep nginx #旧版进程和新版进程同时存在
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 3726 3725 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 3727 3725 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 6288 3725 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 6289 6288 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 6290 6288 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 6292 1061 0 20:16 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 objs]# kill -HUP 6288 #重新加载配置文件，使用新的配置启动工作进程，并逐步关闭旧进程。
[root@server1 objs]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 3726 3725 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 3727 3725 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 6288 3725 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 6293 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 6294 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 6296 1061 0 20:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 objs]# kill -WINCH 3725 #逐步关闭旧版本master进程的两个worker线程
[root@server1 objs]# ps -ef | grep nginx #旧版的两个worker线程已经关闭
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
root 6288 3725 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 6293 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 6294 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 6298 1061 0 20:19 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 objs]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V ##查看此时的nginx版本为 nginx/1.16.0
nginx version: nginx/1.16.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC)
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio
热升级完成！
测试：
[root@foundation80 ~]# curl -I 172.25.80.1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Tue, 07 May 2019 12:35:37 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 07 May 2019 11:58:09 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5cd172d1-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
4.热回退
如果升级出现问题，需要立刻将之前备份的版本回退
[root@server1 objs]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@server1 sbin]# ls
nginx nginx.old
[root@server1 sbin]# cp -f nginx.old nginx ##将之前备份的旧版本脚本还原
cp: overwrite ‘nginx’? y
[root@server1 sbin]#
[root@server1 sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
root 6288 3725 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 6293 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 6294 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 17981 1061 0 20:48 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 sbin]# kill -HUP 3725
[root@server1 sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx #唤醒旧版本的master进程，使之产生新的worker线程
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
root 6288 3725 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 6293 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 6294 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 17982 3725 0 20:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 17983 3725 0 20:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 17985 1061 0 20:49 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 sbin]# kill -USR2 6288 #回退版本的worker进程接收新的用户请求。同时新版本的master进程的worker线程不再接收新的用户请求
[root@server1 sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
root 6288 3725 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 6293 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 6294 6288 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 17982 3725 0 20:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 17983 3725 0 20:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 17987 1061 0 20:50 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 sbin]# kill -WINCH 6288 #关闭新版本master进程的两个进程
[root@server1 sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 3725 1 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
root 6288 3725 0 20:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
nginx 17982 3725 0 20:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 17983 3725 0 20:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 17989 1061 0 20:51 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server1 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.15.8
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC)
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio
测试
[root@foundation80 ~]# curl -I 172.25.80.1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.15.8
Date: Tue, 07 May 2019 12:52:50 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 07 May 2019 11:58:09 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5cd172d1-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
版本回退成功
日志切割，定时备份日志
nginx的日志在/usr/local/nginx/logs
1.首先写日志切割脚本
vim /usr/local/nginx/logs/logsbackup.sh
#!/bin/bash
LOG_PATH=/usr/local/nginx/logs/oldlogs ##定义切割日志后存放的路径
CUR_LOG_PATH=/usr/local/nginx/logs ##定义nginx日志存放的路径
YESTERDAY=$(date +%F -d -1day) ##定义日期为昨天
mv $CUR_LOG_PATH/access.log $LOG_PATH/${YESTERDAY}_access.log ##将昨天的access日志文件移动到切割目录，并且重命名
mv $CUR_LOG_PATH/error.log $LOG_PATH/${YESTERDAY}_error.log ##将昨天的error日志文件移动到切割目录，并且重命名
kill -USR1 $(cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)
2.建立文件夹
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/logs/oldlogs
3.设置定时服务
crontab -e
0 0 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/logs/logsbackup.sh #每天的00：00进行日志切割备份
4.查询定时任务
[root@server1 sbin]# crontab -l
0 0 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/logs/logsbackup.sh
