centos7环境mysql5.7主备

一、mysql安装

1、下载mysql二进制包

    wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2、解压缩

    tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

    mv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

3、修改配置文件

vi  /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data
#innodb_buffer_pool_size=8M

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/data/error.log

pid-file=/data/mysql.pid

tmpdir = /tmp

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

4、创建用户及用户组

添加mysql用户组
#groupadd mysql
给mysql组下添加mysql用户
#useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
改变文件所有者和所属组
#chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/
#chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/

5、卸载mariadb

#列出所有被安装的rpm package
# rpm -qa | grep maria*
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
# yum -y remove mari*
已加载插件:fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.56-2.el7 将被 删除
......
...
删除:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7                              

作为依赖被删除:
  postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7                                   

完毕!
# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
 

6、将mysql放入系统服务,并修改对应文件

[root@Global support-files]# cp mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

7、初始化安装

yum install libaio -y

[root@Global /]# mkdir /data

[root@Global /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data

[root@Global bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data

出现上图,说明已经安装成功!

8、启动mysql

[root@Global bin]# service mysqld start

9、登陆mysql并输入5.7初始化时打印的密码:

10、修改root密码

mysql>SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@localhost=PASSWORD('123456');

11、设置root允许远程连接

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' limit 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

12、mysql加入环境变量并设置mysql为自启服务
[root@Global bin]# vi /etc/profile

添加到最后

export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql      

export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH

[root@Global bin]# source /etc/profile   (立即生效)

[root@Global bin]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld    (添加可执行权限)

[root@Global bin]# chkconfig --add mysqld   (添加到开机自启)
--------------------- 
作者:JetBrains_孙健 
来源:CSDN 
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/sj349781478/article/details/84875273 
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

二、配置主备模式

MySQL主从原理:

一,master记录二进制日志,在每个事务更新数据完成之前,master在二进制日志中记录这些改变、mysql将事务写入二进制日志,即使事务中的语句都是交叉执行的。在事件写入二进制日志完成后,master通知存储引擎提交事务。

二,slave将master的binary log拷贝到它自己的中继日志。首先,slave开始一个工作线程——I/O线程。I/O线程在master上打开一个普通的连接,然后开始binlog dump process。Binlog dump process从master的二进制日志中读取事件,如果已经执行完master产生的所有文件,它会睡眠并等待master产生新的事件。I/O线程将这些事件写入中继日志。

三,SQL slave thread(SQL从线程)处理该过程的最后一步。SQL线程从中继日志读取事件,并重新执行其中的事件而更新slave的数据,使其与master中的数据一致。

  主从配置:

  主机名      IP          系统版本             mysql版本    角色

mysqlmaster.cn  10.10.10.69   CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)      5.7.20    master

mysqlslave.cn  10.10.10.72   CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)       5.7.20    slave

步骤一、主从服务环境初始化

[root@mysqlmaster ~]# iptables -F
[root@mysqlmaster ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mysqlmaster ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@mysqlmaster ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager
[root@mysqlmaster ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager

步骤二,安装mysql 

根据第一部分内容在两个节点安装好mysql

步骤三,启动MySQL服务,并进行MySQL服务初始化(主从服务器均进行同样操作)

根据第一部分内容在两个节点安装好mysql

步骤四、登录MySQL主服务器,创建一个测试数据库及表,并创建一个授权账号进行主从数据同步

[root@mysqlmaster ~]# mysql -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1'  使用新密码登录mysql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> show databases;  查看当前数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database test;  创建一个名为test的数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases; 
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
test |  新建数据库
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;  切换到test数据库

Database changed  
mysql> show tables;  查询当前数据库表
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test1(id int,name varchar(20));  创建一个测试表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
test1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

创建授权账号:slave 指定从服务器IP:10.10.10.72  密码:A@*qw92!derS   

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected] identified by "A@*qw92!derS";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

步骤五、主从服务器配置:

修改master系统配置文件 /etc/my.cnf  在mysqld下面加入 以下内容

log-bin=mysql-bin-master    启用二进制日志

server-id=1     本机数据库ID 标示

binlog-do-db=test  可以被从服务器复制的库, 二进制需要同步的数据库名(创建的测试数据库)

binlog-ignore-db=mysql    不可以被从服务器复制的库

[root@mysqlmaster ~]# systemctl restart mysqld  重启数据库服务器

[root@mysqlmaster ~]# mysql -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1'  登录数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> show master status;  查看数据库状态信息
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
mysql-bin-master.000001 | 154 | test | mysql | |
+-------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binlog events\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Log_name: mysql-bin-master.000001
Pos: 4
Event_type: Format_desc
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 123
Info: Server ver: 5.7.20-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Log_name: mysql-bin-master.000001
Pos: 123
Event_type: Previous_gtids
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 154
Info: 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如上所示,master服务器已配置成功

mysqldump  -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1' test >test.sql  导出master测试数据库test

[root@mysqlmaster ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1' test >test.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysqlmaster ~]# ll test.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1790 5月 13 00:01 test.sql

将导出的数据库传到slave服务器上

[root@mysqlmaster ~]# scp test.sql 10.10.10.72:/root
The authenticity of host '10.10.10.72 (10.10.10.72)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:cHQticA8/IMXFPFXspEnN0h4FLG7LaXnT8Zpr7ricrA.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:1a:70:c5:60:05:47:6a:75:8a:47:db:85:51:1c:32:2c.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.10.72' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: 
test.sql 100% 1790 1.9MB/s 00:00

配置从服务器

[root@xuegodslave ~]# mysql -uslave -p'A@*qw92!derS' -h 10.10.10.69  在slave服务器上使用授权账号slave登录master mysql测试授权账号能否登录
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> show databases;  
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 如上所示查询不到test测试数据库

mysql> exit;  退出master数据库
Bye

[root@xuegodslave ~]# mysql -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1'  登录slave服务器,密码初始化与master相同
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> create database test;  创建测试数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit;  退出数据库
Bye
[root@xuegodslave ~]# mysql -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1' test<test.sql  将master导出的数据库内容导入slave创建的test数据库内
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@xuegodslave ~]# mysql -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1'   登录slave服务器
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test; 切换到test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;  查看数据库内容
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
test1 |    已存在master服务器创建的表test1,导入成功
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@xuegodslave ~]# systemctl stop mysqld  停掉slave数据库服务
[root@xuegodslave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf  编辑slave服务器数据库配置文件mysqld下面添加一行 server-id=2 (从服务器ID号,不要和主ID相同 ,如果设置多个从服务器,每个从服务器必须有一个唯一的server-id值,必须与主服务器的以及其它从服务器的不相同。可以认为server-id值类似于IP地址:这些ID值能唯一识别复制服务器群集中的每个服务器实例。)

[root@xuegodslave ~]# systemctl start mysqld  启动mysql服务
[root@xuegodslave ~]# mysql -uroot -p'zX@987Weqqrd1'   登录mysql服务器
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> stop slave;  停止slave
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_host='10.10.10.69',master_user='slave',master_password='A@*qw92!derS';  (授权slave服务器同步master,指定账号和密码)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.05 sec)

mysql> start slave;  启动slave
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G  查看状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.10.10.69
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin-master.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 448
Relay_Log_File: xuegodslave-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 675
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin-master.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes  一个负责与主机的io通信

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes  负责自己的slave mysql进程

如上图所示,主从服务器均运行并连接成功

再到主服务器上查看状态:

最后在master服务器中的test数据库中插入数据进行同步测试:

测试成功,主从服务器已成功同步数据!

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

如果遇到主从不同步,看一下主从bin-log的位置,然后再同步。

在主服务器上看二进制日志事件列表

mysql> show binlog events \G

从服务器执行MySQL命令下:

mysql> stop slave;             #先停止slave服务

mysql> change master to master_log_file='mysql-bin-master.000001',master_log_pos=1164;

#根据上面主服务器的show master status的结果,进行从服务器的二进制数据库记录回归,达到同步的效果

mysql>slave start;                      #启动从服务器同步服务

mysql> show slave status\G;          #用show slave status\G;看一下从服务器的同步情况

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

如果都是yes,那代表已经在同步

 

重启从服务器,再查看状态:

停止从服务器slave stop;

开启从服务器slave start;

排错思路:

1、二进制日志没有开启

2、IPTABLES 没有放开端口

3、对应的主机 IP地址写错了

SQL线程出错

1、主从服务器数据库结构不统一

出错后,数据少,可以手动解决创建插入,再更新slave状态。

注:如果主上误删除了。那么从上也就误删除了。  #因此主上要定期做mysqldump备份。

原文链接https://www.cnblogs.com/daemonlu/p/daemonlu.html

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_37450814/article/details/89371370