1 配置文件
- SpringBoot使用一个全局配置文件
- application.properties
- application.yml
- 配置文件的作用就是修改SpringBoot的默认值(因为SpringBoot在底层给我们配置好了)。
- 配置文件放在src/main/resources目录或者类路径/config下。
- .yml是YAML语言的文件,以数据为中心,比JSON、XML等更适合做配置文件
<server>
<port>8081</port>
</server>
2 YAML的语法
2.1 基本语法
- K: V:b表示一对键值对(空格必须有)
- 以空格的缩进来控制层级关系;只要是左对齐的一列数据,都是同一个层级的。
server:
port: 8081
path: /hello
2.2 值得写法
k: v:字面量直接来写
字符串默认不用加单引号或者双引号
"":双引号,不会转义字符串里面的特殊字符
'':单引号,会转义特殊字符,特殊字符最终只是一个普通的字符串输出
k: v :在下一行来写对象的属性和值得关系;注意缩进
对象还是以k: v的方式
比如:
friends:
lastName: zhangsan
age: 20
对象的行内写法
friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 20}
用-值表示数组中的一个元素
pets:
- cat
- dog
- pig
数组的行内写法
pets: [cat,dog,pig]
2.3 配置文件注入
2.3.1 .yml配置文件注入
<!-- 导入配置文件处理器,配置文件进行绑定的时候就会有提示 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
person:
lastName: zhangsan
age: 20
boss: false
birth: 2018/4/26
maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
lists:
- lisi
- wangwu
- zhaoliu
- tianqi
- wangba
dog:
name: 小狗
age: 2
package com.example.demo.bean;
public class Dog {
private String name;
private Integer age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dog{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
package com.example.demo.bean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值,映射到这个组件中
* @ConfigurationProperties 告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中的配置进行绑定
* prefix 配置文件中的那个属性进行一一映射
*
* 只有这个组件是容器中的组件,容器才能提供@ConfigurationProperties功能
*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@Component
public class Person {
private String lastName;
private Integer age;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Boolean getBoss() {
return boss;
}
public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
this.boss = boss;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
return maps;
}
public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
this.maps = maps;
}
public List<Object> getLists() {
return lists;
}
public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
this.lists = lists;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", boss=" + boss +
", birth=" + birth +
", maps=" + maps +
", lists=" + lists +
", dog=" + dog +
'}';
}
}
2.3.2 .properties配置文件注入
person.last-name=张三
person.age=20
person.boss=false
person.birth=2018/4/26
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=v2
person.lists=a,b,c
person.dog.name=dog
person.dog.age=15
2.4 @Value和@ConfigurationProperties注解的区别
- @Value
- 功能:一个个的指定
- 松散语法:不支持
- SPEL:支持
- JSR303数据校验:不支持
- 复杂类型封装:不支持
- @ConfigurationProperties
- 功能:批量注入配置文件中的属性
- 松散语法:支持
- SPEL:不支持
- JSR303数据校验:支持
- 复杂类型封装:支持
- 如果说,我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值,使用@Value注解;
- 如果说,我们专门编写一个javabean来和配置文件进行映射,我们使用@ConfigurationProperties注解;
2.5 配置文件数据校验
person:
lastName: zhangsan
age: 20
boss: false
birth: 2018/4/26
maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
lists:
- lisi
- wangwu
- zhaoliu
- tianqi
- wangba
dog:
name: 小狗
age: 2
email: [email protected]
package com.example.demo.bean;
public class Dog {
private String name;
private Integer age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dog{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
package com.example.demo.bean;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值,映射到这个组件中
* @ConfigurationProperties 告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中的配置进行绑定
* prefix 配置文件中的那个属性进行一一映射
*
* 只有这个组件是容器中的组件,容器才能提供@ConfigurationProperties功能
*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@Component
@Validated
public class Person {
private String lastName;
private Integer age;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
@Email
private String email;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Boolean getBoss() {
return boss;
}
public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
this.boss = boss;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
return maps;
}
public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
this.maps = maps;
}
public List<Object> getLists() {
return lists;
}
public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
this.lists = lists;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", boss=" + boss +
", birth=" + birth +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
", maps=" + maps +
", lists=" + lists +
", dog=" + dog +
'}';
}
}
package com.example.demo;
import com.example.demo.bean.Person;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
/**
* SpringBoot的单元测试
*
* 可以在测试期间很方便的类似编码一样自动注入容器的功能
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Person person;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
System.out.println(person);
}
}