byte：
msg = '我爱北京天安门'
print(msg.encode(encoding='utf-8').decode(encoding='utf-8'))
字符串转成byte类型，再转回来
列表：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XiangPeng","XuLiangChen"]
print(names)
print(names[0],names[2])
print(names[1:3]) #切片，顾头不顾尾，不包含第3个
print(names[-1]) #从右边开始数
print(names[-3:]) #取后面三个
print(names[-3:-1]) #取中间2个
print(names[:3]) #0可以省略
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XiangPeng","XuLiangChen"]
names.append("LeiHaiDong") #后面追加
names.insert(1,"ChenZhongHua") #某个位置插入
names[2] = "XieDi" #改
names.remove("ChenZhongHua") #删除
del names[1] #某个位置的删除
names.pop() #删除最后一个
names.pop(1) #删除某个位置
print(names)
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XiangPeng","ChengRongHua","XuLiangChen"]
print(names)
print(names.index("Guyun")) #"Guyun"的位置
print(names[names.index("Guyun")])
print(names.count("ChengRongHua")) #统计个数
names.clear() #清空列表中的元素
print(names)
names.reverse() #反转
print(names)
names.sort() #排序，按ascii码的顺序
print(names)
names2 = [1,2,3,4]
names.extend(names2)
print(names,names2)
del names2 # 删除元素
print(names,names2)
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XiangPeng",["Alex","Jack"],"ChengRongHua","XuLiangChen"]
name2 = names.copy() #复制
print(names)
print(name2)
names[2] = "向鹏"
print(names)
print(name2) #不变
names[3][0] = "alex"
print(names)
print(name2) #也变
name2 = names #names列表内容改变。name2 也改变
import copy
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XiangPeng",["Alex","Jack"],"ChengRongHua","XuLiangChen"]
name2 = copy.copy(names) #浅copy ,与name2 = names.copy()效果一样
其它浅copy
person = ['name',['a',100]]
p1 = person[:]
p2 = list(person)
import copy
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XiangPeng",["Alex","Jack"],"ChengRongHua","XuLiangChen"]
name2 = copy.deepcopy(names) #深copy
print(names)
print(name2)
names[2] = "向鹏"
print(names)
print(name2) #不变
names[3][0] = "alex"
print(names)
print(name2) #不变
元组
元组其实跟列表差不多，也是存一组数，只不过它一旦创建，便不能再修改，所以又叫只读列表
names = (“alex”,”jack”,”eric”)
它只有两个方法，一个是count，一个是index
集合操作
空