13.4 MySQL用户管理
创建用户并授权
• grant all on *.* to 'user1' identified by 'passwd';
• grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'user2'@'192.168.133.1' identified by 'passwd';
• grant all on db1.* to 'user3'@'%' identified by 'passwd';
• show grants;
• show grants for [email protected];
指定登录IP
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456';
#创建user1用户并授予其所有权限“*.*”(通配符)
#第一个*表示db_name;第二个*表示tb_name
#同时指定其来源IP127.0.0.1(即,只可通过此IP登录)
#此处可以使用通配符%,代表所有IP(一般不使用)
#设定密码:identified by
mysql> quit
Bye
指定登录socket
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user2'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
用户登录
使用IP登录
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p123456 -h127.0.0.1
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> quit
Bye
使用socket登录
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uuser2 -p'123456'
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> exit
Bye
说明: 因为指定登录主机为localhost,所以该用户默认使用(监听)本地mysql.socket文件,不需要指定IP即可登录。
对具体权限进行授权
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'user2'@'192.168.8.132' identified by '123456';
#创建user2用户,并授予其针对db1库SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT权限
mysql> grant all on db1.* to 'user'@'%' identified by '123456';
#创建user3,并针对所有IP授予其db1库所有权限
权限相关命令
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> show grants;
#查看当前用户的权限
mysql> show grants for [email protected];
#查看指定用户的权限
更改权限
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'user2'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB743291105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'user2'@'127.0.0.1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for [email protected];
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected] |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'user2'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'user2'@'127.0.0.1' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
注: 更改用户权限时,权限行的内容都要更改。
13.5 常用sql语句
• select count(*) from mysql.user;
• select * from mysql.db;
• select db from mysql.db;
• select db,user from mysql.db;
• select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.%';
• insert into db1.t1 values (1, 'abc');
• update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
• truncate table db1.t1;
• drop table db1.t1;
• drop database db1;
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456';
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> use db1;
Database changed
#选择库
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 12 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
#查看指定库的内容的行数
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G;
#查看库的所有内容
mysql> select db,user from mysql.db;
#查看库指定内容
mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.%'\G;
#查看某些IP对应的库内容,like表示匹配
mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4),`name` char(40));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
#在db1库下创建表t1
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
Empty set (0.03 sec)
#查看表中信息:空表
mysql> insert into db1.t1 values(1,'abc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
#向表中插入内容
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | abc |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#更改表中指定内容
mysql> delete from db1.t1 where id=1;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.10 sec)
#删除表中指定内容
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> truncate db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
#清空一个表中内容
mysql> drop table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
#删除表
mysql> drop database db1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
#删除库
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> delete from user where User='user1' and Host='127.0.0.1';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
#删除用户,在删除用户前需要先指定表
13.6 MySQL数据库备份恢复
• 备份库 mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql
• 恢复库 mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql < /tmp/mysql.sql
• 备份表 mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql user > /tmp/user.sql
• 恢复表 mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql < /tmp/user.sql
• 备份所有库 mysqldump -uroot -p -A >/tmp/123.sql
• 只备份表结构 mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql
备份库
备份指定库:
[root@adailinux ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql > /tmp/mysqlbak.sql
备份所有库:
[root@adailinux ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A > /tmp/mysql_all.sql
恢复库
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /tmp/mysqlbak.sql
备份表
备份指定表:
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql user > /tmp/user.sql
只备份表结构:
[root@adailinux ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d mysql > /tmp/mysql_tb.sql
恢复表
[root@adailinux ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql user < /tmp/user.sql
常见问题:
1、
grant all on db1.* to 'user3'@'%' identified by '123456';通过这种形式创建用户后如何访问mysql呢? 我试用以下4条命令访问,都没有成功:
mysql -uuser3 -p123456
mysql -uuser3 -p123456 -h127.0.0.1
mysql -uuser3 -p123456 -h192.168.206.135
mysql -uuser3 -p123456 -hlocalhost
答:grant完之后,还要执行 flush privileges;
2、怎么查询mysql当前有多少个用户呢?
答:use mysql;
select user,host from user;
3、create user 'test'@'%' identified by '123456'; 这种方法也可以用来创建用户。
扩展
SQL语句教程 http://www.runoob.com/sql/sql-tutorial.html
什么是事务?事务的特性有哪些? http://blog.csdn.net/yenange/article/details/7556094
根据binlog恢复指定时间段的数据 http://www.centoscn.com/mysql/2015/0204/4630.html
mysql字符集调整 http://xjsunjie.blog.51cto.com/999372/1355013
使用xtrabackup备份innodb引擎的数据库 innobackupex 备份 Xtrabackup 增量备份 http://zhangguangzhi.top/2017/08/23/innobackex%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BDmysql%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8Dmysql
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