java中Timer类的使用

java中Timer类的使用

一、Timer类的使用

根据是否循环执行分为两类:

//只执行一次
public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay);
public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date time);

//循环执行
// 在循环执行类别中根据循环时间间隔又可以分为两类
public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay, long period) ;
public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period) ;


public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, long delay, long period)
public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period)

示例:
只执行一次:

Timer timer = new Timer();

//延迟1000ms执行程序
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("IMP 当前时间" + this.scheduledExecutionTime());
    }
}, 1000);
//延迟10000ms执行程序
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("IMP 当前时间" + this.scheduledExecutionTime());
    }
}, new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 10000));

循环执行:

Timer timer = new Timer();
        
//前一次执行程序结束后 2000ms 后开始执行下一次程序
 timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
     @Override
     public void run() {
         System.out.println("IMP 当前时间" + this.scheduledExecutionTime());
     }
 }, 0,2000);

 //前一次程序执行开始 后 2000ms后开始执行下一次程序
 timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
     @Override
     public void run() {
         System.out.println("IMP 当前时间" + this.scheduledExecutionTime());
     }
 },0,2000);

二、源码分析

程序运行:

在初始化Timer时 ,开启一个线程循环提取任务数组中的任务,如果任务数组为空,线程等待直到添加任务;

当添加任务时,唤醒线程,提取数组中标记为1的任务,

如果该任务状态为CANCELLED,则从数组中删除任务,continue ,继续循环提取任务;

然后将当前时间与任务执行时间点比较 标记taskFired=executionTime<=currentTime;

taskFired =false ,说明任务执行时间还没到,则调用wait等待(executionTime-currentTime) 时间长度,然后循环重新提取该任务;

taskFired =true,说明任务执行时间已经到了,或者过去了。继续判断 任务循环时间间隔period;

period=0时,说明此次任务是非循环任务,直接将该任务从数组中删除,并将状态置为EXECUTED,然后执行任务的run方法!

period!=0时,说明此次任务时循环任务,将该任务的执行时间点向前推进,具体推进时间根据调用的方法判断;

如果是schedule方法,则在当前时间基础上向前推进period时间长度;

如果是scheduleAtFixedRate方法,则在当前任务执行时间点基础上向前推进period时间长度,

最后执行任务的run方法;循环提取任务

package java.util;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;


public class Timer {
    
    private final TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();

    
    private final TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);

   
    private final Object threadReaper = new Object() {
        protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
            synchronized(queue) {
                thread.newTasksMayBeScheduled = false;
                queue.notify(); // In case queue is empty.
            }
        }
    };

    
    private final static AtomicInteger nextSerialNumber = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private static int serialNumber() {
        return nextSerialNumber.getAndIncrement();
    }

    
    public Timer() {
        this("Timer-" + serialNumber());
    }

    
    public Timer(boolean isDaemon) {
        this("Timer-" + serialNumber(), isDaemon);
    }

    
    public Timer(String name) {
        thread.setName(name);
        thread.start();
    }

    //在初始化Timer时,确定线程名称,以及是否是守护线程 ,开启线程
    public Timer(String name, boolean isDaemon) {
        thread.setName(name);
        thread.setDaemon(isDaemon);
        thread.start();
    }

    
    public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay) {
        if (delay < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative delay.");
        sched(task, System.currentTimeMillis()+delay, 0);
    }

    
    public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date time) {
        sched(task, time.getTime(), 0);
    }

    
    public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay, long period) {
        if (delay < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative delay.");
        if (period <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Non-positive period.");
        sched(task, System.currentTimeMillis()+delay, -period);
    }

   
    public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period) {
        if (period <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Non-positive period.");
        sched(task, firstTime.getTime(), -period);
    }

   
    public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, long delay, long period) {
        if (delay < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative delay.");
        if (period <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Non-positive period.");
        sched(task, System.currentTimeMillis()+delay, period);
    }

   
    public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, Date firstTime,
                                    long period) {
        if (period <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Non-positive period.");
        sched(task, firstTime.getTime(), period);
    }

    
    private void sched(TimerTask task, long time, long period) {
        if (time < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal execution time.");

        // Constrain value of period sufficiently to prevent numeric
        // overflow while still being effectively infinitely large.
        if (Math.abs(period) > (Long.MAX_VALUE >> 1))
            period >>= 1;

        synchronized(queue) {
            if (!thread.newTasksMayBeScheduled)
                throw new IllegalStateException("Timer already cancelled.");

            synchronized(task.lock) {
                if (task.state != TimerTask.VIRGIN)
                    throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Task already scheduled or cancelled");
                task.nextExecutionTime = time;
                task.period = period;
                task.state = TimerTask.SCHEDULED;
            }

            queue.add(task);
            if (queue.getMin() == task)
                queue.notify();
        }
    }

   
    public void cancel() {
        synchronized(queue) {
            thread.newTasksMayBeScheduled = false;
            queue.clear();
            queue.notify();  // In case queue was already empty.
        }
    }

    //净化,清除timer中标记为CANCELLED的TIMETASK,  返回值为清除个数
     public int purge() {
         int result = 0;

         synchronized(queue) {
             for (int i = queue.size(); i > 0; i--) {
                 if (queue.get(i).state == TimerTask.CANCELLED) {
                     queue.quickRemove(i);
                     result++;
                 }
             }

             if (result != 0)
                 queue.heapify();
         }

         return result;
     }
}

//自定义线程
class TimerThread extends Thread {
   
    boolean newTasksMayBeScheduled = true;

   
    private TaskQueue queue;

    TimerThread(TaskQueue queue) {
        this.queue = queue;
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            mainLoop();
        } finally {
            // Someone killed this Thread, behave as if Timer cancelled
            synchronized(queue) {
                newTasksMayBeScheduled = false;
                queue.clear();  // Eliminate obsolete references
            }
        }
    }

   
    private void mainLoop() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                TimerTask task;
                boolean taskFired;
                synchronized(queue) {
                    // Wait for queue to become non-empty
                    while (queue.isEmpty() && newTasksMayBeScheduled)
                        queue.wait();
                    if (queue.isEmpty())
                        break; // Queue is empty and will forever remain; die

                    // Queue nonempty; look at first evt and do the right thing
                    long currentTime, executionTime;
                    task = queue.getMin();
                    synchronized(task.lock) {
                        if (task.state == TimerTask.CANCELLED) {//移除 状态为已执行完毕的任务
                            queue.removeMin();
                            continue;  
                        }
                        currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        executionTime = task.nextExecutionTime;
                        if (taskFired = (executionTime<=currentTime)) {
                            if (task.period == 0) { // 循环条件为0时,直接清除任务,并将任务状态置为非循环任务,并执行一次任务!
                                queue.removeMin();
                                task.state = TimerTask.EXECUTED;
                            } else { //区分  两种循环类别的关键    
                                queue.rescheduleMin(
                                  task.period<0 ? currentTime   - task.period
                                                : executionTime + task.period);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (!taskFired) // 当下次执行任务时间大于当前时间  等待 
                        queue.wait(executionTime - currentTime);
                }
                if (taskFired)  // 执行任务
                    task.run();
            } catch(InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 *
 * 任务管理内部类
 */
class TaskQueue {
    
    //初始化  128个空间,实际使用127个  位置编号为0的位置不使用
    private TimerTask[] queue = new TimerTask[128];

    
    private int size = 0;

    
    int size() {
        return size;
    }

    //添加任务,如果空间不足,空间*2,,然后排序(将nextExecutionTime最小的排到1位置)
    void add(TimerTask task) {
        // Grow backing store if necessary
        if (size + 1 == queue.length)
            queue = Arrays.copyOf(queue, 2*queue.length);

        queue[++size] = task;
        fixUp(size);
    }

    //得到最小的nextExecutionTime的任务
    TimerTask getMin() {
        return queue[1];
    }

    //得到指定位置的任务
    TimerTask get(int i) {
        return queue[i];
    }

    //删除最小nextExecutionTime的任务,排序(将nextExecutionTime最小的排到1位置)
    void removeMin() {
        queue[1] = queue[size];
        queue[size--] = null;  // Drop extra reference to prevent memory leak
        fixDown(1);
    }

    //快速删除指定位置的任务
    void quickRemove(int i) {
        assert i <= size;

        queue[i] = queue[size];
        queue[size--] = null;  // Drop extra ref to prevent memory leak
    }

    //重新设置最小nextExecutionTime的任务的nextExecutionTime,排序(将nextExecutionTime最小的排到1位置)
    void rescheduleMin(long newTime) {
        queue[1].nextExecutionTime = newTime;
        fixDown(1);
    }

    //数组是否为空
    boolean isEmpty() {
        return size==0;
    }

   //清空数组
    void clear() {
        // Null out task references to prevent memory leak
        for (int i=1; i<=size; i++)
            queue[i] = null;

        size = 0;
    }

    //将nextExecutionTime最小的排到1位置
    private void fixUp(int k) {
        while (k > 1) {
            int j = k >> 1;
            if (queue[j].nextExecutionTime <= queue[k].nextExecutionTime)
                break;
            TimerTask tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
            k = j;
        }
    }

    //将nextExecutionTime最小的排到1位置
    private void fixDown(int k) {
        int j;
        while ((j = k << 1) <= size && j > 0) {
            if (j < size &&
                queue[j].nextExecutionTime > queue[j+1].nextExecutionTime)
                j++; // j indexes smallest kid
            if (queue[k].nextExecutionTime <= queue[j].nextExecutionTime)
                break;
            TimerTask tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
            k = j;
        }
    }

     //排序(将nextExecutionTime最小的排到1位置)   在快速删除任务后调用
    void heapify() {
        for (int i = size/2; i >= 1; i--)
            fixDown(i);
    }
}

TimerTask源码:

功能:用户任务,Timer执行任务实体(任务状态,任务下次执行时间点,任务循环时间间隔,任务本体【run】)

package java.util;
/**
 * 虽然实现了Runnable接口 但是在Timer中直接调用run方法, 
 * */
public abstract class TimerTask implements Runnable {
    
    final Object lock = new Object();

    int state = VIRGIN;  //状态 ,未使用,正在使用,非循环,使用完毕

   
    static final int VIRGIN = 0; //未使用 

    static final int SCHEDULED   = 1;//正在使用

  
    static final int EXECUTED    = 2;//非循环

   
    static final int CANCELLED   = 3;//使用完毕

   
    long nextExecutionTime;  //下载调用任务时间

    
    long period = 0;// 循环时间间隔

    protected TimerTask() {
    }

   
    public abstract void run();//自定义任务

    //退出   任务执行完毕后,退出返回 true ,未执行完 就退出 返回false
    public boolean cancel() {
        synchronized(lock) {
            boolean result = (state == SCHEDULED);
            state = CANCELLED;
            return result;
        }
    }
    //返回 时间
    public long scheduledExecutionTime() {
        synchronized(lock) {
            return (period < 0 ? nextExecutionTime + period
                               : nextExecutionTime - period);
        }
    }
}

》》》博主长期更新学习心得,推荐点赞关注!!!
》》》若有错误之处,请在评论区留言,谢谢!!!

发布了43 篇原创文章 · 获赞 54 · 访问量 1万+

猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_41622739/article/details/93775212